ABSTRACTS OF RESEARCH PAPERS, CASES
AND PRESENTATIONS
at Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland
June 28 - July 2, 1997
Session 1
WACRA BOARD MEETING
WACRA EXECUTIVE AND ADVISORY BOARDS
(followed by lunch)
at Napier University Craighouse Campus
Session 2
LET'S TALK ABOUT TEACHING ABROAD
FOURTH CROSS NATIONAL TEACHING FORUM
Carmen Vega-Carney
Session Coordinator
AGSIM (Thunderbird)
GLENDALE, ARIZONA, U.S.A.
As part of the WACRA Interactive Case Sessions - a session will be held to discuss issues pertaining to teaching across cultures. There will be panels representing different regions of the world: Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin, Central and North America. If you have had experience teaching or training in another part of the world, you may want to join one of our panels. If you think you might be or would like to teach in another part of the world, you may want to meet others who have done so. We promise a lively presentation and discussion: The topics selected for discussion include:
Adapting the Case Method to different Cultures, Evaluating Student Performance, Cross Cultural Differences in Developing Collaborative Teaching Strategies, Conceptual versus Practical Business Experiences and Resource Input vs. Learning Objectives in Int. Business Education, Teaching Strategic Management in Vietnam, Teaching Market Globalization in Portugal, Multinational Students and the Case Method.
Panelists include Dr. Marie Louise Anderson, Iona College, Dr. James Clinton, U of Northern
Colorado, Dr. Linda Ginter Brown, University of Cincinnati, Dr. Dave Grigsby, Clemson
University, Dr. John Zerio, AGSIM (Thunderbird), all U.S.A., Dr. Franz Egle, Akademie fuer
Internationales Management, Germany, Dr. Robert Vichas & Virginija Vaicekoniene, Center of
Management Technology & Entrepreneurship, Kaunas U of Technology, Lithuania.
Session 3
FACING REALITY WITH TECHNOLOGY
Anja Lkoundi
Open University
HEERLEN, THE NETHERLANDS
As part of a series of workshops and presentations on technological developments and trends, Anja Lkoundi - educational technologist of the Open University of the Netherlands- will give an introduction to the concepts and design of study environments. The discussions will not concentrate on technical, but educational issues: 1) Designing instruction from learning goals, and applying it in a multimedia study environment. 2) Using a cd-rom case as a real life learning experience to achieve intended learning goals. Participants interested in technical design issues will have access to this information in form of hand-outs.
Instructional design will introduced and the use of two cd-rom productions will be discussed: - Buiten Dienst (the lit. translation from Dutch is Outdoor service or Out of order) and Paradise Parks Leisure BV. The main ideas behind the instructional design of the two cd-rom productions will be presented to explain why different instructional ideas and learning goals require different design solutions. The presentation will include an on screen demonstration of how students would work through the programs and reach learning goals. What topics are treated in the cd-rom cases?
Buitendienst (in box) is an interactive case in the field of industrial psychology. The student plays the role of a junior employee working at the consultancy of a regional transport company in Heerlen, the Netherlands. Under supervision of a senior colleague, the student researches the causes for illness-absenteeism among bus drivers.. The student reviews relevant documents; conducts interviews with employees, "speaks" with different other professionals; attends a meeting with the social-medical team of the transport company; designs a theoretical model; prepares a test; collects, processes and interprets research data; and writes a report including recommended action to be taken by management (cd-rom project leader: Ruud Hoefakker).
The second cd-rom case, Paradise Parks Leisure BV, is an interactive case in the field of
marketing management. In this cd-rom program, the student plays the role of an assistant
marketing manager working at Paradise Parks headquarters. The students assignment is to
supervise the companys marketing activities for a period of two years. Paradise Parks offers a
realistic decision-making environment for the student to act as an assistant manager. Part of the
case requires that certain decisions need to be made very quickly and the students finds himself in
a genuine race against the clock. The main learning goal is to deal systematically with complex
marketing problems (cd-rom project leader: Rob Nadolski).
Sessions 4 and 15
SIXTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CASEWRITERS' WORKSHOP
& NOVICE CASEWRITERS' COLLOQUIUM
James W. Camerius
WACRA Case Colloquium Director
Northern Michigan University
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
For the sixth year WACRA offers workshops specially designed to assist you in learning how to write cases and/or improve your cases. Even if you do not submit a case you are welcome to participate and gain valuable insight into the case research-writing-publishing process.
New Casewriters Workshop: A panel of experienced case researchers will discuss how to research, write and improve cases. Among the topics to be covered will be objectives, various types of case research, information sources, the writing process, and the use and development of effective teaching notes. Integral to this process will be the discussion by panel members of several presented cases and teaching notes. These cases, still in the development stage, will demonstrate the case editing and improvement process. Experienced case-writers are also welcome.
The Sixth Annual Casewriters Colloquium Both novice and experienced case writers can benefit from the colloquium. Case presenters, panelists from the workshop, and all other participants are organized into roundtables for (free-form) discussion of various cases presented at each table. Pre-register and obtain more details, a packet of information (useful to case writers) and a set of cases (indicate your area of interest(s))from:
Dr. James W. Camerius
WACRA Case Colloquium Director
Northern Michigan University
1401 Presque Isle Avenue
MARQUETTE, MI 49855-5353 U.S.A.
Tel.:+906-227-1245; Fax:...2930 Internet: jcameriu@nmu.edu
Following are abstracts of the cases to be reviewed and discussed during the colloquium
sessions on Sunday and Monday
THE BELLINGHAM YWCA
BUILDING ON PUTTY, SOFT CEMENT OR BEDROCK
Violet Marie Malone
Western Washington University
BELLINGHAM WASHINGTON, U.S.A.
James W. Camerius
Northern Michigan University
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
Abstract
Shannon Eberhart was aware of the fact that she would be facing many of the challenges
associated with organizational changes in a community-based volunteer organization when she
accepted the position as executive director for the YWCA in Bellingham, Washington. However,
she felt reluctant to make some of the hard decisions about programming and personnel which
were required because of her personal values related to the importance of women leadership
development and management opportunities. The YWCA of the USA has been the oldest
Association under women management, over 125 years. Now she found herself in leadership
position with the local association which was on the verge of closing its doors to the community.
This case includes a description of the management challenges which face this Association at the
close of 1996 year.
TAKING COMMAND
Christina T. Lippert, Ron Folded, Brenda Cook, Joyce Gillingham
Western Washington University
BELLINGHAM, WASHINGTON, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes the situation facing Commander Lee Hunter, US Navy, the commanding
officer of a Pacific Northwest patrol aircraft squadron. Commander Hunter's responsibilities as
commanding officer include maintaining the squadron's military readiness and sustaining its
member's morale. Commander Hunter was the subject of a shadowing experience half way
through his one year tour as commanding officer. This case is a result of that experience.
THE STACO CASE:
FROM "SWORDS" TO "PLOWSHARES"
THE TRANSFORMATION OF A MAJOR EASTBLOCK HEAVY EQUIPMENT AND
ENGINEERING COLLECTIVE
Michael Jilling
University of South Carolina
SPARTANBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Volker Munnich
Humboldt University
BERLIN, GERMANY
Abstract
This case study examines the transformation of an East German heavy equipment and
engineering collective. It identifies strategic problems faced by the new management as socialist.
East Germany was suddenly united with West Germany, an advanced country with a large
market-based economy. This case asks the student to react to critically important decisions
concerning: the management of the transformation process, the forces driving competition in the
relevant markets, and the financing of the privatization of STACO.
A SMALL BUSINESS CASE: SIX SITUATIONS FACING PetsPlus
Wally Holmes Bouchillon
University of West Florida
FT. WALTON BEACH, FLORIDA, U.S.A.
Marcella M. Norwood
University of Houston
HOUSTON, TEXAS, U.S.A.
Benton E. Miles and Stephen R. Lucas
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case was prepared for use in marketing, entrepreneurship, and/or marketing teacher
preparation classes. The PetsPlus retail business and selected problems it is facing are described
in six situations. Questions for discussion follow each of the situational presentations. The
company is a home-based business which sells via catalog. The owner is considering use of the
Internet. Questions for discussion range from logo development and protection, Internet
considerations, home-based business differences, to computer needs.
SEARS, ROEBUCK AND COMPANY:
ADAPTING A LEGACY TO CHANGING CONSUMER DEMANDS
James W. Camerius
Northern Michigan University
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
James W. Clinton
Northern Colorado University
GREELEY, COLORADO, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes the situation facing Arthur Martinez, chairman and chief executive officer of
Sears, Roebuck and Company. The year 1995 had been a historic one for the firm. The company
had returned to its retailing roots, the source of the company's heritage. Martinez felt that
strategy was on target. He was concerned, however, about the ability of the firm to adjust to a
changing marketplace in the future.
PEPSICO:
THREATENED BY STUDENT BOYCOTT
Ed Leonard
Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne
FORT WAYNE, INDIANA, U.S.A.
Sherry Hockemeyer
Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne
FORT WAYNE, INDIANA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes the dilemma faced by college students as their student government leaders call
for a boycott of PepsiCo products. PepsiCo has been under fire from various activist groups for
its involvement in Burma (Myanmar). This case raises several ethical issues: Does market
competition justify operating in a country where allegations of human rights abuses abound? Is
there a set of ethical principles that must be followed in all cases? To what extent should
American college students be concerned about events that transpire thousands of miles away?
Gary J. Brunswick
Walker L. Cisler College of Business
Northern Michigan University
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case centers around two individuals, Paul Suomi and Laura Jack, who are responsible for the
growth and development of the alumni association for a typical medium-sized state-assisted
university. The Northern Michigan University (NMU) Alumni Association is currently
experiencing some "growing pains", and the key figures in the case are attempting to apply
principles of strategic planning and marketing in order to foster the growth and development of
this non-profit organization of which they are responsible for. Through the use of a strategic
planning exercise, the Alumni Association has identified 5 goals which will be used to guide its
future activities; challenges exist, however, in achieving these 5 goals. The case presents a range
of information, describing the activities of the two central figures in the case, the key functions of
the Alumni Association, and relationship between the Alumni Association and the university's
fund-raising division (i.e., known as the Development Fund). The case communicates the
challenges and opportunities which this, and any alumni association face.
MONTREAL EXPORT-IMPORT INC. :
THE DEVELOPMENT OF EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKETS
Michel Librowicz
University of Quebec at Montreal
MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
Abstract
This case describes the situation facing Serge Lavigne, founder and owner of Montreal Export-Import Inc., a dynamic trading house specializing in the export of North American agricultural products. The company was deriving considerable income from exports to Mexico until December 1994 when a financial crisis devastated the country's economy.
Fortunately for Mr. Lavigne, several potential Eastern European buyers had expressed strong interest in purchasing agricultural commodities that his company was in a position to offer.
The case addresses the issue of business opportunities for North American/Western European
exporters/trading houses in the fast growing Central and Eastern European markets following the
disintegration of the centrally planned economy and the COMECON trading bloc.
MARKETING INTERCULTURAL TRAINING
Spero C. Peppas
Mercer University
ATLANTA, GEORGIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes the experiences of an international transferee and his family as they move
through the predictable patterns of culture shock. The case further explores the concept of
intercultural training by focusing on the efforts of an international consulting firm in providing
comprehensive services to facilitate the successful adjustment of expatriates and their families.
Cultural training is considered as a means to improve management performance in a new cultural
setting and to help reduce the incidence of failed assignments.
KOTO
W. Harvey Hegarty
Indiana University
BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes the situation facing the management of an organization undergoing
considerable transition. One of the officers joked that our business is "skins, hides, blood, and
guts." KOTO is the processor of animal wastes in the country of Slovenia. Every day of the year
they collect all the animal wastes from 32 slaughter houses scattered all over the country. From
these wastes they manufacture and sell fertilizer, animal feed, industrial fats, and a wide variety of
leather clothing. They find themselves in an international market where competition is increasing
and the customer base is fickle and ever-changing.
HOTELI BERNARDIN
W. Harvey Hegarty
Indiana University
BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes the turbulent situation facing the management team of a hotel on the Adriatic Sea. Located in Slovenia, the hotel was built when the former Yugoslavia was in tact and the country operating under socialism. The hotel is struggling to survive given burdens it has inherited from its past. Its location and physical plant are very attractive-- its balance sheet leaves a lot to be desired.
FRIESENS CORPORATION
Hal Schroeder
University of Lethbridge
LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA
Abstract
This case describes a situation facing David Friesen, president of Friesens Corporation, a printer,
school supplies wholesaler and office equipment retailer in southern Manitoba. With
developments like numerous television channels, video cassettes, the Internet and multi-media,
some people had less time to read books than in the past. In addition, with a slumping economy
various smaller printers were struggling and some had been the targets of acquisitions by larger
companies. Friesens faced the challenge of maintaining profit objectives and principles which had
long been central to Friesens' culture
FISH STORIES
A PISCATORIAL PUZZLE OF
INTERNATIONAL PROPORTIONS
Jeffrey M. Sutton
MerCruiser-Mercury Marine
STILLWATER, OKLAHOMA, U.S.A.
James H. Davis
University of Notre Dame
NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, U.S.A.
John A. Ruhe
Saint Mary's College
NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, U.S.A.
Abstract
Fish Stories describes difficulties experienced by a US based multi-national corporation, Acme Inc., with its manufacturing facility in Mexico. The case emerges from an Acme expatriate's fishing trip with a former employee of the Mexican plant where his suspicion of serious wrong doings were supported and magnified. The problems are described in a series of short cases that deal with international ethics, whistle blowing, management and corporate control. The expatriate and his Mexican counterpart must determine how much risk they are willing to take to correct the situation. Company executives must determine which ethical standards and what type of control they should apply.
FIGHT, FLIGHT, OR PAIRING:
A CASE STUDY IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN A
UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT
This paper dissects a hypothetical case of sexual harassment at a university and explores
alternative means of resolving the dispute. Cases of sexual harassment in many post-secondary
institutions are typically processed in a litigious forum, leaving only winners and losers. This
paper argues that a form of managed conflict resolution is a more effective, productive and
agreeable method of settling these disturbing and sensitive disputes.
THE CASE OF THE EX-PATRIOT ENTREPRENEUR: (A) JAKE'S DILEMMA, (B)
JAKE'S ADVENTURE, AND (C) EMPLOYEE RELATIONS IN AFRICA: JAKE'S
REALITY
Jeannette Oppedisano
Skidmore College
SARATOGA SPRINGS, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Barry Armandi
State University of New York at Old Westbury
OLD WESTBURY, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract
Jake Atwood is a 22 year old facing a crossroads in his young life. He must determine whether he
wishes to continue the potentially lucrative business in Kenya, East Africa that he bought from his
mother or return to his home country, the United States. There are three parts to the overall case.
Part A presents Jake's original decision; Part B focuses on culture shock, and Part C examines
some of his employee relations situations in Africa.
CHINQUA-PENN PLANTATION
NON-PROFIT MARKETING
Nicolette DeVille Christensen
Guilford College
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Martha R. McEnally
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes the situation facing Mark File, Director of Marketing and Retail at
Chinqua-Penn Plantation in Reidsville, North Carolina as he wonders which of three scenarios he
should pursue to increase attendance at the Plantation. The case pursues the up-again,
down-again nature of the struggle marketers have to keep non-profit institutions and
organizations afloat in a very competitive marketplace.
CHINA STEEL CORPORATION:
PRIVATIZATION AND STRATEGIC PLANNING
Robert McGlashan
University of Houston-Clear Lake
HOUSTON, TEXAS, U.S.A.
Long W. Lam
University of Houston-Clear Lake
HOUSTON, TEXAS, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes the situation facing the management of China Steel Corporation. The
company has recently been privatized by the Taiwan government after having diversified into
several non-steel operations. Management is challenged to decide how to change its strategic
planning now that the company is privatized.
CASH AMERICA INTERNATIONAL
Walter E. Greene
The University of Texas Pan American
EDINBURG, TEXAS, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes that portion of the loan industry referred to as 'Pawn Shops.' Cash America
not only operated domestically but also in international markets. In recent years Cash America
aggressively pursued expansion into international markets in Sweden, which had 10 locations,
and the United Kingdom, which had 36. Cash America was dedicated to serving the millions of
people who depend on their services to meet financial needs. With a professional staff of
associates, they provided exceptional customer service to those who visit their stores and, in turn,
reward their associates with competitive compensation, comprehensive benefits and future
opportunities.
Christopher L. Clover, Charles B. Shrader, Joan Twenter
Iowa State University
AMES, IOWA, U.S.A.
This case describes the investment and acquisition philosophies of the holding company Berkshire
Hathaway and CEO Warren Buffett. Originally a clothing and textile firm, the company first
began investing in other businesses in 1965 and has grown into one of the world's best known and
most successful holding companies.
ATTORNEY EVANS BUMPS HER HEAD
ON THE GLASS CEILING
Jacqueline DeLaat
Marietta College
MARIETTA, OHIO, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes the denial of a partnership to a well qualified female attorney in a prestigious
law firm. The decision-making process used by the firm is documented, as well as subsequent
court decisions appealing the firm's action. Issues related to gender discrimination in professional
advancement, particularly the "glass ceiling" phenomenon, are the focus of the case. In describing
the results of legal action following the firm's decision, the case also points out the difficulties of
"proving" that discrimination has occurred, in a decision which involves considerable employer
latitude.
THE TAX EFFECT ACCOUNTING PROBLEM
Kim Wyatt, Paul de Lange
Monash University
Frankston, Victoria, Australia
Abstract
This case investigates the reasons why the directors of the international Australian public
company Amcor Ltd, consider that the tax effect accounting standard does not apply to their
Forests' afforestation expenditure. The case focuses on whether plantation establishment
expenditure including capitalized interest should be treated as a permanent or a timing difference
between taxable income and pre-tax accounting profit. The case will demonstrate that Amcor Ltd
reluctantly agreed on 1st July 1991 to change its treatment of afforestation expenditure from a
permanent to a timing difference. An evaluation will be required to form an opinion as to whether
Amcor were correct on how they treated the prior years adjustment in relation to this change.
Finally the case contains sufficient data to investigate the effect of a change in the company tax
rate on annual reports. This case could be further explored by investigating how afforestation
expenditure would be treated under the International Accounting Standard 1AS 12 "Accounting
for Taxes on Income" as well as reviewing a number of specific countries accounting standards on
Tax Effect Accounting. Further the authors are proposing that an extension of this case be made
with international colleagues that can focus on a joint-cross cultural case.
BUSINESS PLAN FOR DYESOON FUNERAL HOME, INC:
A CASE STUDY SIMULATION
Cynthia Clemons,
North Carolina A&T State University
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Stephen R. Lucas, Benton E. Miles
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case simulation was developed by the North Carolina Small Business and Technology
Development Center (SBTDC). The purpose was to involve teachers of small business in a
hands-on problem to resolve some planning issues for a new funeral home. the simulation is
based on a real client of the SBTDC. This simulation was first used in a 20-hour workshop.
Participants are provided information which includes subjects such as competition, population
statistics, expenses, and funeral costs. Commentary is made regarding the segregated practices of
the population when choosing funeral services. Participants are asked to take on the role of the
counselor and to create a foundation for a business plan.
WHOLESALE MARKET OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES IN BRNO
Petr Prochazka
Mendel University of Agriculture & Forestry Brno
BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC
Abstract not available at press timeSession 5
SURVIVING THE MULTI-MEDIA BLITZ
Winston Tellis
Fairfield University
FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Anja Lkoundi
Open University of the Netherlands
HEERLEN, THE NETHERLANDS
Kai Mildenberger
Independent Consultant
Germany - NEW YORK, U.S.A.
The number of media options for faculty to use in learning environments has accelerated in recent years for two reasons: 1. Availability of easy-to-use and low costs of micro computing presentation software, and 2. The motivation of faculty to learn and use the technology for personal productivity. However, as the number of media options increases, the decision-making process also becomes more complex and sometimes more risky. The treat of obsolescence is right around the corner with hardware and software. If you wait until everything settles down (less change) you may wait forever and never use the technology. If you buy now, you discover the process of "upgrades" every three months. If you buy almost every new product at these reasonable prices, you spend more time on the technology than on discipline content.
This workshop provides a self-assessment process leading to a clarification of your personal classroom needs for specific courses and helps to identify what types of media are most appropriate for effective classroom learning. The process is a seven state approach: 1. The multimedia blitz: an overview 2. Re-engineering yourself by linking technology to education 3. Looking over the options, quickly 4. Tradeoffs: costs and benefits 5. Detailed analysis and design of your strategies 6. Delivering the presentation 7. More reflection on your return on investment.
Session 7
CITY PLANNING CASE STUDY
AN ACTIVE LEARNING IMMERSION
COMPANIES ADDRESS THE RESOURCE PROBLEM
STUDENTS EXPERIENCE THE SOLUTION
Russel Boisjoly
Robert DeMichiell
James Keenan
Fairfield University
FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
John Kreniski
Executive Technologies, Inc.
Dennis Murphy
City of Bridgeport
Jim Hayes
People's Bank of Bridgeport
BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Kai Mildenberger
Independent Consultant
GERMANY - NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Michelle DeLussanet, Thys Rosman
University of Limburg
MAASTRICHT, THE NETHERLANDS
Resource needed to develop and present case studies for the learning environment have sometimes been too expensive for faculty otherwise motivated to use this methodology. WACRA conference in the pat primarily have focused on writing and delivering cases from a faculty point-of-view only. It is time to bring client (company), consultants, and student perspectives into view by allowing them to present their motivations and experiences in collaboration with faculty who generally initiate case studies for specific courses in their academic program.
This panel will discuss the methodology and illustrate through a recent and specific case study involving a U.S.A. City (Bridgeport, Connecticut) and how a case study evolved regarding its economic and social problems. An "active learning immersion" (ALI) model (previously presented by Boisjoly and DeMichiell at Montreal, 1995) was used by graduate students executive support and group decision-making systems. Their objective was to uncover the issues and problems of a problem city and recommend actions to move it toward a more global and competitive stance.
The program is presented from very brief statements by key players in the process:
a. University administration (Office of the Dean)
b. Faculty (ALI and the Multi disciplinary Approach)
c. Students (Specific Application of Business Process Re-engineering)
d. Clients (Business Leaders for Whom the Project Is Conducted)
e. Consultants (Business Project Leaders for Student Advisement)
f. Business Leaders (Graduates of the ALI Approach)
The overall intent is to describe a process that has been successful in complex problem-solving and has paved the way for further project work in the business environment. Academe-business relationships that involve active student participation require patience and different grading criteria than traditional methods. This presentation discusses pitfalls and suggests solutions to benefit all involved parties. The fast-paced presentation is an effort to present some of the salient facts for audience reflection and for later discussion throughout the conference. Follow-up informal round-table discussions will be conducted for interested faculty, administrators, business leaders, and students.
Session 8
RESEARCH AND THE CASE METHOD
A BILINGUAL PANEL
Marcel Coté, Taïeb Hafsi, Laurent Lapierre
Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales
MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
The objective of this discussion is to provide an overview of the use of the case method as a research method. The session will include short presentations and an interactive part.
Session 9
AROUND THE WORLD IN ONE SEMESTER
Margaret Moore
Franklin University
COLUMBUS, OHIO, U.S.A.
Abstract
This round table is designed to develop strategies to create an on-line "International Inter-Active Case Study Experience." The project is intended to provide an invaluable opportunity for senior-level undergraduate students to experience working in an international setting without leaving home. Any course can provide this unique experience by joining in small teams made up of students at participating universities around the world.
Since the cost of studying abroad may be prohibitive, and disruptive to both work and family commitments, many students majoring in International related disciplines cannot afford such enlightening learning opportunities. Therefore, their participation in a project such as "International Inter-Active Case Study Experience," provides both a cultural and a business experience that is beneficial in today's ever shrinking world. Furthermore it strengthens students' communication and research skills through the use of up-to-date technology (Internet and World Wide Web) in an international context.
The round table will address many topics crucial to creating a well-rounded project such as: selecting appropriate cases; the logistics of carrying out the case study; the role of the instructors; nature of presentations; grading; technology requirements; and finally a back-up plan in case of technological snafues. A model with basic marketing case will serve as a starting point. The model can currently be viewed at http://www.cs.franklin.edu/Faculty/Moore. (Please note capitalize F and M)
The idea for this project is an outgrowth of a project undertaken by Maggie Moore for use in the higher education component of the Columbus, Ohio/Dresden, Germany Sister Cities Project. As Franklin's representative on the Sub-Committee on Higher Education Moore, developed the on-line case study project as the University's contribution to sharing between universities in the Columbus Metropolitan Area and those in the city of Dresden. The basic concept for this project was developed by Moore after returning from the WACRA meeting in Warsaw.
Starting with the single case based on Bry-Air, Inc., a local business engaged in International trade, which she had written in 1995, and with assistance of the technology faculty and staff, a web page was created an put on-line in October 1996. In April 1997, a mail-list was added for expanded communication among participants. This single case between two locations led to an expanded version that will be discussed at the round table.
Join in a working session that will result in a How To paper. Meet with others who are interested in creating on-line experiences for their students that will take them "Around The World in One Semester."
Session 10
"TROUBLES" USING THE CASE METHOD
Renée F. Borns
BOWLING GREENE, OHIO, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 10
A COHORT-BASED ASYNCHRONOUS
CERTIFICATE PROGRAM IN ACOUSTICS:
A MULTIPLE MEDIA APPROACH TO CASE STUDIES
Alan D. Stuart
College of Engineering
The Pennsylvania State University
UNIVERSITY PARK, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
The Pennsylvania State University, funded by a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, has developed a cohort-based asynchronous collaborative learning model centered around a five-course certificate program in Engineering Acoustics. The model enables geographically dispersed learners to participate in a variety of collaborative and individual experiential learning activities focused upon problem solving and case studies. The learning environment is enriched through a mixture of CD-ROM-based instruction, text materials, and computer conferencing. The computer-based certificate program makes use of these technologies to reach and serve students who are geographically distant from the faculty -- and also from fellow students -- and bring them together in new and interesting ways to create a unique kind of learning community.
Session 10
CASE STUDY: TEAM-BASED, INTERDISCIPLINARY
LEARNING APPLICATIONS - PROMISES AND PITFALLS
R. F. Tyler
Fairfield University
FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract
Creating an undergraduate, interdisciplinary course structure and environment that prepares students for the new world of organizational teams is the latest challenge for educators in Schools of Business. Teams are different from the traditional notions of groups. Considerations transcend the collective efforts of people working in identifiable clusters. Team-based course work involves the understanding and cultivation of individual characteristics that can produce a synergy which carries performance to ever higher levels of excellence. This case-study reviews the implementation of such team-based course work. It draws upon topical literature, the experience in team formation of a major employer, faculty experience in teaching the course, and student assessment. The review not only emphasized the benefits of team structures, but highlights problem areas that must be addressed if the promises of enhanced team-based performance are to be realized fully. Finally, this review provides guidelines for those who wish to adopt this new and promising path to organizational effectiveness and efficiency.
Session 11
A REFLECTIVE APPROACH TO PROGRAM EVALUATION
Barbara Rosenstein
Ben Gurion University of The Negev
BEER SHEVA, ISRAEL
Abstract
The method that I am advocating in this paper is an outgrowth of my experience in evaluation of programs operating within the framework of non-formal education. Grounded in constructivist theory, it uses video taped observations (cases) and feedback as a springboard for reflection on the part of stakeholders in a program. This reflection, in turn, promotes problem solving that produces solutions to problems that are inherent in the program, its design, goals, strategies or operation. Called FAVOR, an acronym for Feedback and Analysis via Video Observation and Reflection, the method is a participatory type of evaluation that incorporates stakeholders in the process of evaluation. This paper first sets out the theoretical bases for the approach and then illustrates them using a case drawn from material from a currently operating educational project.
Session 11
GENERAL SEMANTICS AND CRITICAL THINKING
AS PEDAGOGIC TOOLS IN ANALYZING
CULTURES AND MESSAGES
Harold Drake
Millersville University
MILLERSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper, and concomitant workshop method of presentation, uses a video documentary about an educational experiment with Native Americans in order to enhance students' classroom learning experiences using general semantics and critical thinking criteria for analyzing messages. It is maintained that racism and multi-culturalism are inseparable and constitute the object of study for learning through group discussion, a method which may also be useful in providing subjective semantic material for case study investigations. With training, students could gather field materials for professionally guided case studies.
Session 11
USING LITERATURE IN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
PROGRAMS: FOSTERING CRITICAL THINKING AND
PROBLEM-SOLVING IN A BUSINESS CURRICULUM
John R. Goss, III
Jamie Molitoris
Averett College Northern Virginia Center
VIENNA, VIRGINIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
Several courses using literature to explore common business administration and management concepts are examined, including instructional philosophies underlying the interdisciplinary approaches adopted, and specific instructional practices deriving from those philosophies, informing an analysis of their effects on learners. Links to theory in education and literature, and to the use of case methods are discussed, with emphasis on implications for business programs. Liberal learning in business administration (as well as other professional programs) rests on the encouragement of critical problem-solving and the development of habits of lifelong learning. Often case methods, as employed in business education programs, are prescriptive and do not foster critical thinking and problem-solving skills [Armour & Fuhrmann, 1993, 126] and limit long-term benefits to institutions.
Session 15
NOVICE CASE WRITERS' WORKSHOP
James W. Camerius, Case Colloquium Director
N. Michigan University
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
For description please refer to Session 4
Session 16
MBA PROGRAMMES IN THREE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
INNOVATION AND RENOVATION IN FIJI
Jide Olutimayin
University of the South Pacific
SUVA, FIJI
Abstract
This paper views the establishment of an MBA Programme at the University of the South Pacific in Fiji as a very important milestone in the development of the region. In assessing the vision statement of the programme to "train its regional managers to a very high standard," the paper evaluates the performance of the programme in its two - years life, using both qualitative and quantitative factors, particularly as modifications and new teaching tools were introduced.
Session 16
BIG BRUSH: A CONTRACT NEGOTIATION
AND DRAFTING SIMULATION
Wayne Sanders
National-Louis University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract
Big Brush is a legal contract negotiation and drafting simulation designed for working adult management students. The author of the simulation describes the simulation, discusses the learning outcomes of the simulation, and explores the utility of using the simulation, or a modified version of the simulation, with international students under civil code based legal systems as well as other common law based legal systems.
Session 16
CASE STUDY PROGRAM IN SLOVENIA
Maja Zaman
Univerza v Ljubljani
LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA
Abstract not available at press time
Session 16
PROACTIVE STUDY 35:34:31
AT THE COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT IN KOPER, SLOVENIA
Janko Kralj and Mitja I. Tavcar
School of Business and Economics
College of Management
KOPER, SLOVENIA
Abstract
The authors report on the application of proactive methods of study in the newly established College of Management in Koper, Slovenia that is designed in a modern concept of management based in the interest theory of organisational policy and is in accordance with the European St.Gallen concept of management. Second author as the designer of the programme presents this programme and specifically the in-company professional practice of the students, first author discusses the actual proactive methods of study and the experience with freshmen in the study of "Basics of Management." He describes also the innovative approach through the Entrepreneurial creative case study.
Session 17
USING CASES IN PRE-CLINICAL MEDICAL EDUCATION:
THREE DIFFERENT IMPLEMENTATIONS
Joel Michael and Allen Rovick
Rush Medical College
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract
While well established in the third and fourth years of the medical curriculum, and routinely employed in all graduate medical education, the use of cases is becoming more common in the first two, pre-clinical years. Three different modes of employing cases in a medical physiology course are described: (1) in small group, cooperative problem-solving sessions in an otherwise conventional, lecture based course, (2) in the context of a problem-based learning curriculum, and (3) presented by a multi-media computer system that is used to facilitate small group problem-solving.
Session 17
ADAPTATION OF THE PATIENT-ORIENTED
PROBLEM-SOLVING (POPS) SYSTEM IN IMMUNOLOGY
TO A HANDS-ON LABORATORY EXPERIENCE IN
MEDICAL MYCOLOGY FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
Judith E. Domer
Tulane University School of Medicine
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, U.S.A.
Abstract
The Patient-Oriented Problem-Solving System in Immunology (POPS), pioneered by Parker A Small, Jr., M.D., and Susan M. Johnson, Ph.D. at the University of Florida, Gainesville, in the early 1970s permitted students working in small groups to solve clinical problems in immunology. The POPS format, viz., pretest, problem-solving, and post test, has been adapted to a hands-on laboratory exercise on yeast infections to provide a framework for students to integrate laboratory and lecture material and apply that knowledge to solution of clinical problems. Ninety-four percent of the students rated the POPS exercises either "excellent" or "good" following their introduction into the course.
Session 17
UTILITY OF THE CASE METHOD APPROACH IN THE
INTEGRATION OF CLINICAL AND BASIC SCIENCE IN
SURGICAL EDUCATION
Floyd R. Domer
Derrick J. Beech
Tulane University School of Medicine
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, U.S.A.
To emphasize the relevance of basic science information in the routine practice of clinical medicine, we have used a case of an elderly patient with an intestinal hemorrhage resulting in oliguria. Groups of 8-10 students met with a basic scientist and a surgeon. A pretest was given to serve as a basis for evaluation of learning. The students were encouraged to make a diagnosis and discuss the underlying pathology and physiology. Suggested bibliographic readings were handed out. A week later the group discussed what new information they had learned and reviewed the appropriate handling of the case. A post-test was given.
Session 17
CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICERS HAVE THEIR SAY:
A REPORT FROM THE FRONT
Keith Martin
Fairfield University
FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract
Chief information officers are increasingly important members of the executives level within the corporate structure. They not only oversee the application of information technology, but also participate in the decision-making processes based on the outputs of that technology. The impact of their activities is intensified when the enterprise is engaged in global operations. A recent survey of CIOs regarding their organization's deployment and support of global common systems provides a basis for analyzing the prevalence of those systems. And their success in meeting the organization's needs and expectations.
Session 18
TEACHER TRAINING: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY
Amelia Klein
Wheelock College
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
Malgorzata Karwowska-Struczyk
Warsaw University, WARSAW, POLAND
Abstract not available at press time
Session 18
ETHICAL DECISION MAKING AND THE ROLE OF
ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS ADOPTED BY VARIOUS COUNTRIES
Maria L. Roxas and Jane Y. Stoneback
Central Connecticut State University
NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Larissa Kyj
Rowan College
GLASSBORO, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A.
Lina Valcarcel
University of the Philippines
DILIMAN, METRO MANILA, PHILIPPINES
Abstract
Prior multi-country ethics research often utilizes culture dimensions to explain differences in the ethical decision making process. This paper will investigate the effect of professional factors on ethical decision making. Various factors affect the adoption of different accounting systems by countries. There are classifications based on culture and other classifications based on a composite of factors: culture, political, legal, economic, and governmental. This study examines the effect of both culture and composite based accounting systems classifications on the ethical decision making of future accountants in nine countries: USA, Canada, Australia, Germany, Philippines, Thailand, People's Republic of China, Republic of Moldova, and Ukraine.
Session 18
CASE-BASED RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS IN
MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY: A REVIEW OF
MAJOR JOURNALS AND A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Taïeb Hafsi
Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales
MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
Abstract not available at press time
Session 18
GLOBAL MARKETING RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Robert W. Schaffer
California State Polytechnic University
POMONA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 19
THE ART OF CASE TEACHING OR
HOW A CASE INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL CAME TO BE
Marianne Nelson
Harvard University Graduate School of Education
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
This presentation has three components, the first two providing the rational for the last. The first is a viewing of a segment of a three-part video series, Minds of Our Own. This series is based on in-depth interviews with students before and after having studied a science unit. The interviews revealed that students were not learning the science that teachers were teaching.
The second part focuses on the science video cases of the Case Studies in Science Project. You will view a segment of one of the twenty-five video cases that were developed in response to the findings of the first series. They provide, for teacher educators, a basis for discussion of a broad range of pedagogical issues.
The third part consists of a case instructional guide for teacher educators. A manual of case instructional strategies was compiled based on an extensive literature review and on observation of experienced practitioners. It was developed in response to observations made during site visits that were part of the formative evaluation of the Case Studies in Science Project. These visits revealed facilitators' lack of familiarity with the skills needed to facilitate an effective case discussion. Strategies considered are: selecting the case, planning for the discussion and for the students' case preparation, adapting the physical setting for case discussion, facilitating the actual discussion with a focus on questioning, listening, and responding.
Both video projects were produced by Dr. Matthew Schneps, director of the Science Media Group of the Science Education Department of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. The Minds of Our Own Project was funded by The Annenberg/CPB Math and Science Project and the National Science Foundation. The science video cases were funded by The Annenberg/CPB Math and Science Project and the Smithsonian Institution.
A bibliography of case instructional references will be available.
Session 19
INTERACTIVE LEARNING AND TEACHING
USING THE POPKEWITZ MODEL TO
IDENTIFY SCHOOL CULTURE
Korynne Taylor-Dunlop
Indiana University South Bend
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA,
U.S.A.
Abstract
Eleven interns in a graduate program in school counseling conducted action research at ten schools. The interns were trained to use the Popkewitz model and a structured matrix to help them identify critical incidents, their significance, the school culture, and suggested criteria for change. Interns reported that the use of the Popkewitz model helped them observe events along dimensions that they had not in the past. Interns reported a growing awareness of the need to help school cultures become more constructivist, to identify and build a learning culture where successful academic and emotional growth can take place.
Session 19
BRIXTON CLASSROOM:
PRE-SERVICE EDUCATIONAL SIMULATION FRAMEWORK
Paul A. Nelson
Saint Martin's College
LACEY, WASHINGTON, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 19
USING VIDEO CONFERENCING AND VIDEO MULTIMEDIA
PRESENTATION EQUIPMENT IN CASE METHOD INSTRUCTION
Donald Grunewald, Charles Peter Duffy , Robert Eberle
Iona College
NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract
Enhanced classroom technology can be used to improve the quality of instruction using the case method. This paper describes the equipment and the technology installed in enhanced classrooms at a school of business with two campuses. The paper discusses how this new equipment is used in case method instruction at the business school. The advantages and disadvantages of this new technology in case method instruction are also discussed. The paper also examines the use of some other electronic aids to improve case instruction.
Session 20
DEVELOPING APPLICATION, PROBLEM SOLVING
AND METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS
WITH THE CASE STUDY METHOD
Carol H. Anderson
Rollins College
WINTER PARK, FLORIDA, U.S.A.
Alexander T. Wood
University of Central Florida
ORLANDO, FLORIDA, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 20
FOODCORP INTERNATIONAL
Edward Weiss
NL-University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 20
UNCLE SAM LEADING THE PROCESSION:
EVOLVING DYNAMICS IN THE FUNERAL HOME INDUSTRY
Pierre Hugron
Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales
MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
Abstract not available at press time
Session 21
STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD THE CASE STUDY METHOD
A.J. Almaney
DePaul University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 21
THE TEACHING LEARNING PUZZLE:
A STUDENT PERSPECTIVE
Anita Jackson and Jane Stoneback
Central Connecticut State University
NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
"For every person wishing to teach there are thirty not wanting to be taught."
W.C. Sellar and R.J. Yeatman, And Now All This, 1932
There has always been a lag between education and the developing needs of society [Daughtrey, 1974]. Business education had its beginning in vocational education, evolved to the education of the professional specialist and is now defining the educational paradigm for the complex business environment of the 21st century. Currently the dissatisfaction with the curriculum and graduates of business programs has manifested itself in various forms: reports [Porter and Mc Kibben, 1988; Boyer and Rice, 1990], working papers [Perspectives, 1989; AAA, 1986], position statements [AECC, 1990], journal articles [Bedford and Shenkir, 1987; Finn, 1987; Riley, 1994] and popular press [Judge, 1996; Segel, 1992; Deutschman, 1991].
It seems that the globalization of business, developments in technology and communication, and the socio-economic environment are creating a complex business environment which is changing the nature of work and the need for intelligent and adaptable workers. The qualities and skills needed by graduates to succeed in this emerging environment are shifting. New emphasis is placed on creative, interpretive and discriminating thinking skills. As the business community cries out for graduates with these new qualities, the teacher must create a learning environment in which the students will respond: thereby,-solving the teaching learning puzzle.
The purpose of this paper is to examine student preference in teaching style and testing. The helpfulness of different teaching techniques and the preferences for testing methods are examined to gain insight into the learning process from the student perspective. Without looking at the students view teachers miss opportunities to improve their teaching and student learning. Ultimately we need to find the best match of teacher skills and student preference.
This paper begins with a brief discussion of learning . The next section examines the teacher's role in the learning process which is followed by a section on the research questions. Next, the methodology is presented. The last sections present the results and conclusion.
Session 21
THE CRITICAL ROLE OF CASE ANALYSIS IN TEAM TEACHING
James B. Spalding, Jr.
Bellarmine College
LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, U.S.A.
Jim J. Grimm
Illinois State University
NORMAL, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 21
THE ROAD TO PARTNERSHIP IN THE "BIG SIX" FIRMS
REVISITED: A LATENT VARIABLE MODEL
Kim Wyatt, Kosmas X. Smyrnios, Paul de Lange, George Tanewski
Monash University
FRANKSTON, AUSTRALIA
Abstract not available at press time
Session 22
CASE, CASE METHOD, AND THE ADULT MILITARY STUDENT
Paul H. Tedesco
Business History and Economic Life Program, Inc.(Bhelp,inc.)
University of Maryland University College
TOKYO, JAPAN
Abstract
This paper discusses the use of case and case method with a particular type of student, the adult military student, as a means to helping these students to break away from a restrictive learning environment. The paper reflects on the author's experience teaching the adult military student, since 1990, as a lecturer in business, education, history, and government with the University of Maryland University College's Asian Division, and as the national coordinator of BHelp, Inc., and makes a number of suggestions as to how case can be used effectively in a predominantly military classroom.
Session 22
EDUCATION U.S. SENIOR MILITARY LEADERS:
CASE METHOD TEACHING IN ACTION
Robert Murphy
U.S. Army War College (USAWCO)
CARLISLE, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
The challenge for organizations is to provide a professional development program for senior executives that will prepare them for the strategic level of management and leadership. Executive education has been an evolving process. It has been moving sway from the normal pedagogical styles of the traditional classroom to the andragogical styles appropriate for adult learners. Andragogical methodology is characterized y the use of the experiential baggage of the adult leaner. It is in effect case method learning in action. The U.S. Army War college (USAWC) is an educational institution that uses this type of learning for the strategic arena. This paper discusses the rational for using adult learning methodology as well as it application at the USAWC.
Session 22
INTERACTIVE EDUCATION AND EVALUATION OF
STUDIES
Jií Erbes, Zdenk Pová and Pavel ufan
Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno
BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC
Abstract
After the curricula at Czech universities, particularly faculties of economics, had been changed, inevitable changes in the methods of tuition had to be accepted. The introduction of case studies, previously not used, into tuition, activated the students in their workshops. This fact had to be reflected in the methods of evaluation and classification of students. Consequently, a system of grade marks for the evaluation and classification of students was launched at the Department of Management and Marketing of the Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno.
Session 22
VIDEO CASSETTE PRODUCTION DECISIONS:
A COMPETITIVE SIMULATION
Michael Tucker and Patrick Lee
Fairfield University
FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract
Using an interactive case format, students work in teams making competitive video production decisions with the aid of an Excel spreadsheet. Within the simulation they must determine whether to incur higher costs to get to market early; decide whether or not to sell commercial time; select packaging with varying costs and possible impacts to sales; and choose a location for production of the videos. Each of these decisions has potential for problems. Outcomes of decisions other than production location are critically dependent on what competitors choose to do.
Session 23
THE MEXICAN PESO DE-VALUATION
Tom Morris
University of San Diego
SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 23
UTILIZING CASE STUDIES FOR FACULTY DEVELOPMENT
IN TEACHING ADULT LEARNERS
Fred Jacobs
American University
WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 24
TEACHING MARKETING
IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY:
FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF THE CASE METHOD
Justyna Matysiewicz
Academy of Economics
KATOWICE, POLAND
Abstract not available at press timeSession 24
SELF-VALIDATION AXIS: A CASE STUDY DESIGN
Valeriy V. Smaznoy and Yuliya K. Omel'yanenko
Donetsk State Commercial Institute
DONETSK, UKRAINE
Abstract not available at press time
Session 25
WOMEN AND COMPUTER BASED TECHNOLOGIES:
A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE
Hope Morritt
Brooklyn College of The City University of New York
NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract
This study challenges traditional quantitative research studies on computer attitude and use that
suggest that gender differences explain why women exhibit lower levels of computer use. These
case studies highlight the diversity of professional women in education who come from different
backgrounds and reflect different priorities; champions who will affirm differences by creating a
continuum of women who use computer based technologies.
Session 25
WOMEN AS MANAGERS:
ATTITUDES IN INDIA AND THE U. S.
Shanthi Srinivas, Robert W. Allen and Shiori Sakamoto
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
POMONA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Malathi Venugopal
Indian Institute of Management
BANGALORE, INDIA
Abstract
A cross cultural comparison of attitudes toward women in management was conducted using
approximately 549 Indian and U.S. students and managerial employees in manufacturing
companies. Based on the legal and cultural context of these two societies it was hypothesized
that U.S. respondents were likely to have more positive attitudes toward women in management.
No significant differences existed between the countries overall. However, several significant
differences were found between the subgroups - the students versus the manufacturing employees.
Suggestions for use of the results in the classroom to discuss issues related to gender diversity and
international management are presented.
Session 26
MORE ACTION LESS TALK:
USING SIMULATIONS IN THE PREPARATION
OF SCHOOL LEADERS
Sheryl Boris-Schachter and Sondra Langer
Lesley College
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 27
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT...
AND ASSESSMENT AS LEARNING:
A CASE DESCRIPTION
Sean F. O Connor
Washington College
CHESTERTOWN, MARYLAND, U.S.A.
Abstract
"Dramatic improvisations" and the associated Role-Plays are an alternative Performance Assessment device, as well as being a didactic tool. This presentation is a case description of a Performance Assessment "event" which was set, planned, and performed during an official State Department of Education Evaluation Site Visit. The constructed dramatic improvisation, an "unseen", was used as a Performance -Based Assessment indicator of student learning, and told the story in dramatic form of the developmental journey of a group of teacher interns in their professional program. The presentation will benefit educators who wish to develop alternative Performance Assessment modes which simultaneously i) assess past performance, ii) provoke intellectual integration and complex self-assessment in learners and assessors, and iii) provide a bridge to further learning and development. The presentation will demonstrate how such learning events in themselves become Cases for further analysis and future teaching use. The presentation will also demonstrate the development of performance criteria rubrics and scoring guidelines.
Session 27
SEESAWING BETWEEN TEACHING AND LEARNING
Maria Aggestam
Lund University
LUND, SWEDEN
Abstract not available at press time
Session 28
REAL TALK: UNDERSTANDING CASE STORY IN TEACHING EDUCATIONAL
LEADERSHIP
Richard H. Ackerman
University of Massachusetts Lowell
Harvard Graduate School of Education
LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
Patricia Maslin-Ostrowski
Florida Atlantic University
BOCA RATON, FLORIDA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper investigates an approach to teaching educational leadership called case story, a method which blends aspects of the case study method and problem-based learning with the tradition, artistry and imagination of story and storytelling. A case story is both a written and oral description of a real life, "close-to-the-bone' leadership situation. We have examined how school leaders learn to think together--not just in the sense of analyzing a shared dilemma, but in how story-forms shape meanings for groups of people and lead to a critical conversation through which thoughts, emotions and actions fit into a greater whole.
Session 28
THE MYTH OF THE EXPERT
Patricia Slama
National-Louis University
WHEATON, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper explores learning as a collaborative process within the classroom as well as within an
organizational context. Emphasis is on the re-conceptualization of the role of educator; the
importance of the interaction of theory with the learner's experience; and strategies that help to
foster a learning environment.
Session 29
VIKINGS AMONG MANDARINS
SIMULATION MODEL OF APPLIED BUSINESS ETHICS IN CHINA
Mikael Søndergaard, Jeanette Larsen and Thomas Rathcke
Odense University
ODENSE, DENMARK
Abstract
This paper reports from an interactive teaching situation that involves a number of cross-cultural puzzles and on the construct value of a model in progress on bribery in China. The paper reports from two simulations. It is a cross-disciplinary simulation involving intercultural joint venture, expatriation training, and business ethics. The nature of the paper is that of a work in progress. Future developments include the comments of respected professional trainers and the use of an improved version in real training sessions where more data will be collected. The experimental case is enclosed in Appendix 2.
Session 30
CASE-BASED INSTRUCTION FOR RESIDENT
AND DISTANCE LEARNERS
USING A MIX OF TECHNOLOGIES
A. J. Turgeon & Elizabeth M. Hawthorne
The Pennsylvania State University
UNIVERSITY PARK, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A.
This plenary session will demonstrate the use of several complementary technologies in the simultaneous delivery of case-based instruction to both resident and distance learners. A three-component model for effective use of the case method in instructing distance students is proposed. The components are: web-based cases and associated computer courseware, electronic communication using computers with telephone modems, and discussion teaching using interactive television to include distance learners. Topics will include the demonstration of World Wide Web decision cases organized into a series of hyper-linked web pages; groupware for electronic communication between students and instructor; whiteboards and global chat for synchronous communication; electronic bulletin boards and electronic messages for asynchronous communication; viewing of video-taped student presentations, role playing exercises and case discussions involving both resident and distance students in classes conducted simultaneously in interactive-television studios at two institutions; focus-group and student feedback.
Session 31
FROM CASES TO CONSULTING
GERMAN LESSON OF STUDENTS'
INVOLVEMENT IN MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
Franz Egle
Adrea Westrich, Maren Knappe and Rüdiger Gall
AIM
MANNHEIM/STUTTGART, GERMANY
AIM students Westrich, Knappe and Gall report on three German companies' recent experiences and the lessons they learned from this. The students' field of study includes: International Management (General Business Administration + English + Spanish + French). They all are BBA Graduates of the AIM business school Mannheim/Stuttgart. One student is currently attending an MBA-course in Newcastle/England.
Session 32
REALMTMs:
LEARNER-CENTERED INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA
William Silver and C. Thomas Howard
Daniels College of Business
University of Denver
DENVER, COLORADO, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper introduces a new teaching methodology called the REALMTM. A REALMTM (Relevant Experiential And Learner-centered Module) is a learner-focused educational experience in which people develop analytical, behavioral, and technical business skills by navigating through and acting upon comprehensive information about an organization (contained in multimedia format on CD-ROMs). In the following pages we first describe the REALMTM technologies and methodologies. Second, the advantages and disadvantages of REALMTMs and other tools used to teach cross-disciplinary material are discussed. Finally, issues from the results of our experiments in the development and teaching of REALMTMs are examined.
Session 33
SHERLOCK HOLMES
AND FORENSIC ACCOUNTING
D. Larry Crumbley
Louisiana State University
BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA, U.S.A.
Stanley H. Kratchman, L. Murphy Smith
Texas A&m University
COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS, U.S.A.
Abstract
Sherlock Holmes is the most famous forensic practitioner, and accountants can learn from this great detective. In fact, a good accountant has to be a good detective. Furthermore, a new breed of accountant is developing, called a forensic accountant. Forensic accounting service has been the growth industry in the 1990s. Called the private eyes of the corporate culture, forensic accountants must have an investigative mentality. A normal accountant acts like a watchdog, but a forensic accountant must be trained to act like a bloodhound. They look behind the facade and do not accept financial records at their face value.
The scenario approach using short stories and novels engenders a refreshingly positive image of the accounting profession. Tax accountants, auditors, and other types of accountants comprise the key characters and heroes of the scenarios. What may have been wearisome and uninteresting information becomes meaningful via adventure, humor, or mystery. The concepts and attitudes a novel teaches may endure long after the technical facts have been forgotten. Hopeful students will appreciate Sherlock Holmes' favorite maxim:
When you have excluded the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.
Session 33
A PROPOSAL FOR A NEW TAXATION BASE FOR
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC UNIFORMITY
Donald S. Shannon
DePaul University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
William Thomas Stevens
Western Connecticut State University
DANFORD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract
National economic goals are growth and best use of increasingly scarce resources. The accountant's traditional notion of income is often far removed from economic reality. Taxing income is also contraindicated for those economic goals. It penalizes entrepreneurship and stifles growth and does little to encourage the husbanding of resources. Taxing inefficiency rather than income would tend to stimulate growth through entrepreneurship encouragement and would ensure attempts were made to achieve maximum use of resources. Conceptual and practical problems with the taxation proposal remain and the purpose of this paper is for collegial counsel on these issues.
Session 34
INTERNATIONAL INTERACTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING:
A KOREAN/AMERICAN CASE EXAMPLE
George M. Dupuy
Presbyterian College
CLINTON SOUTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Ky-Hyun Lee
Han Nam University
OJING - DONG, KOREA
Abstract not available at press time
Session 34
MICHAEL FLATLEY, "LORD OF THE DANCE?"
Barra O Cinnéide
University of Limerick
LIMERICK, IRELAND
Abstract not available at press time
Session 35
LE RESEAU INTERNET: UN OUTIL INTERACTIF FECOND POUR
L'APPRENTISSAGE D'HABILETES DE RELATIONS INTERPERSONNELLES
Dominique Dorion and Francine Harel Giasson
HEC
MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
Abstract not available at press time
Session 35
THE ROLE OF SELF REFLECTION
IN MANAGERIAL ASSESSMENT
Ellen McMahon
National-louis University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper will discuss the process used to introduce a managerial assessment activity to students, the importance of using critical self reflection as a learning tool, and themes that emerge as a result of this self reflection. By exploring the theoretical basis for using self reflection as a learning tool and examining the most effective methods of giving feedback, ways to maximize student learning will be suggested. Themes that emerge as a result of instructor feedback and the culminating student essay will be included.
Session 36
PRACTICAL BARRIERS IN THE TRANSITION TO
CAPITALISM: THE CASE OF LITHUANIA
Robert Vichas
Management Training Center
PANEVEZYS, LITHUANIA
Ausra Klimaviciene
Kaunas University of Technology
PANEVEZYS, LITHUANIA
Gerald Crawford
University of North Alabama
FLORENCE, ALABAMA, U.S.A.
Hans E. Klein
WACRA® - The World Association for Case Method Research & Application
NEEDHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper deals with the small Baltic nation of Lithuania, one of 15 Newly Independent Countries (NIC's) which were a part of the Soviet Union until early 1990. The focus is on practical problems that the country it is having converting to capitalism and free markets after more than 50 years of socialism. The goal, of course, is to help identify and deal with problems of transition so that recovery can bring stability and economic prosperity. Ten problem areas are identified and discussed as follows: (1) the socialist mind-set, (2) unfamiliar capitalist ideas, (3) inadequate foreign language skills, (4)the lack of reliable statistical data, (5) short-run political and economic uncertainty, (6) Lithuania's image problem among Western nations, (7) the banking system and capital shortfall, (8) the infrastructure, (9) the legal environment and crime problem, and (10) current diseconomies of scale in production.
Session 36
USING THE INTERNET IN EXPLORATORY CASE STUDIES
Rick Gibson
American University
WASHINGTON D.C., U.S.A.
Abstract
The value of a case study as a form of pedagogy stems, in part, from its description of an actual situation. This realism provides the opportunity to directly transfer contextual knowledge, but imposes a strict demand that the case study remain current in time and content. This paper proposes a rationale for, and an example of, the use of the Internet to enrich case study development and use.
Session 37
IMPROVING QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY
IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
EDUCATION'S CONTRIBUTION
W H J De Beer and Marié Fowler
Technikon Pretoria
PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA
James W. Camerius
Northern Michigan University
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
Abstract
In developing countries the creation of wealth is of importance in order to survive and flourish. In
these countries with their high population growths, it is very important that they should be able to
compete in the global market in order to create wealth. It is generally accepted that to improve
your global competitiveness, you must improve your productivity. Productivity is a very complex
phenomenon which is the main pillar of a capitalistic society. On the one hand productivity can
lead to wealth, growth, social upliftment, employment and a happy prosperous society in general.
On the other a lack of productivity leads to poor quality, uncompetitiveness, unemployment,
social unrest and, in general, to a typical third world situation. Education can play an important
part in improving productivity by emphasizing the basics of productivity during the training of
students. Concepts like "doing the right things the right way" should be stressed continuously
during the training period. The educator must also set the example in the development of a
productivity culture by using, for example, productive teaching methods in order to lead the
student to a culture of productivity.
Session 37
TIMELESS DILEMMAS IN BUSINESS ETHICS:
EMPOWERMENT OR EXPLOITATION?
Patricia Tulin and Jane Stoneback
Central Connecticut State University
NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract
Labor is a key component of the capitalist formula; minimizing the cost of labor is a time-honored method of maximizing profits to shareholders. At what point do business managers go too far in the way they treat their labor force? If no laws are being violated, it may still be unethical to employ children, pay wages which are unsustainable, require workers to labor for twelve hour days, six days a week and so forth. Capitalists will argue, however, that workers who are willing to subject themselves to these conditions do so freely, in the hopes of bettering their own financial positions. The practices can thus be viewed as exploitive (unethical) or empowering (ethical). This paper explores that distinction by considering labor practices in the eighteenth century British textile industry and those of Nike, one of the premier business success stories of the last twenty years.
Session 38
"PROOFS WITHOUT WORDS"
A CASE OF VISUALIZATION IN
TEACHING AND LEARNING MATHEMATICS
Yuanqian Chen
Central Connecticut State University
NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract
"Proofs Without Words" have been a regular feature in several mathematics journals. They are diagrams illustrating a concept or a theorem in mathematics, where no words are used, and occasionally an equation or two may appear to help the demonstration. Many statements and theorems in mathematics are abstract and hence hard to underhand, and to prove them has always been the major difficulty for students. By simple and elegant visual demonstration, "Proofs Without Words" provide students with an intuitive understanding of the statement, and sometime even clues on how to prove it. They also serve as interesting and challenging visual thinking exercises in mathematics.
We analyze the roles played by "Proofs Without Words" in learning and teaching mathematics, and also discuss the areas where "Proofs Without Words" are often written, their limitations, as well as the future trend.
Session 38
JAPANESE FIRMS IN THE NEW YORK TRI-STATE REGION:
TRENDS IN MANAGERIAL STYLES
Donald K. Hsu
Dominican College
ORANGEBURG, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Itzhak Wirth
St. John's University
JAMAICA, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract
The rise of the Japanese economy in the 80's brought about 1,000 Japanese firms to establish
offices/plants in the New York Tri-State region employing 120,000 In the 1990s, Japanese stock
market crash and poor US investments caused exits of thousands of Japanese managers and staff.
The estimated Japanese workers today in this region are about 90,000 A study is made to learn
issues in: culture differences, marketing and information technology, training and career path,
benefits and rewards. This study will employ publications in HBS cases, European cases, CD-ROMs, Internet search and CEO interviews of six Japanese firms.
Session 39
CROSS NATIONAL TRAINING FORUM
R. Keith Martin
Fairfield University
FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
The Cross National Training Forum is designed as a platform for exploring the challenges and impacts of teaching in another country and/or culture. Issues to be discussed include Adapting the Case Method to Different Cultures, Cross-Cultural Differences in Developing Collaborative Teaching Strategies. This segment of the conference will be an analysis of the ideas presented during the Sunday sessions of the Teaching Forum and will provide an opportunity for those who attended the Teaching Forum to further explore the various topics, and for those who could not attend an understanding of the essential elements of each of the topics...and to participate in an examination of the issues.
Panelists include Dr. Marie Louise Andersson, Iona College, NEW ROCHELLE, U.S.A., Dr. Franz Egle, Akademie fuer Internationales Management, MANNHEIM, GERMANY, Dr. Ron Patten, DePaul University, Chicago, U.S.A., Dr. Heather Smigiel, University of Tasmania, AUSTRALIA and others
Contact: Dr. Keith Martin, Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06430 U.S.A. Fax +203-254-4070, e-mail: rkmartin@fair1.fairfield.edu
Session 40
USING SIMULATIONS WITH UNDERGRADUATES
TO DEVELOP PRO-ACTIVE, VISIONARY CITIZENS, WORKERS, MANAGERS AND POLICY MAKERS:
THE REDISON WASTE-TO-ENERGY CASE
Sheila D. Collins
William Paterson College
WAYNE, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A.
Abstract
The author discusses the design, implementation and assessment of a simulation involving political conflict over the siting of a waste-to-energy incinerator in a poor, multi cultural neighborhood in a former industrial city with high unemployment. The simulation was designed for undergraduate students as a means of engaging them in the practice of skills needed to solve four interrelated problems that confront the global community at the end of the twentieth century. The simulation was shown to have been highly successful in advancing both critical thinking and skill development, but reinforcement depends on major changes across the entire college curriculum.
Session 40
MULTIMEDIA AND TRADITIONAL CASE STUDIES:
AN ASSESSMENT OF INTERACTIVE TEACHING
AND STUDENT LEARNING STYLES
Lawrence M. Lamont
Washington and Lee University
LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
The interest in multimedia case studies in management education presents an opportunity to evaluate the new format as a method of teaching and learning. This paper: (1) reports research on multimedia and traditional case studies and (2) relates student learning styles to case study preferences for a management course in an American university. Although both types of case studies were reported by students to be helpful in learning management principles, strong preferences were expressed for the case studies using multimedia formats and the Internet and personal computer to present case information. The learning style research with the Kolb Learning Style Inventory suggests that students designated as assimilators also have a preference for case studies using the multimedia format.
Session 41
CASE INSTRUCTION REVISITED
Gary Peterson
University of Puget Sound
TACOMA, WASHINGTON, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 41
THE USE OF COURT CASES TO STUDY FINANCIAL FRAUD
Clifford R. Skousen
Utah State University
LOGAN, Utah, U.S.A.
Rocco R. Vanasco
National-Louis University
CHICAGO, Illinois, U.S.A.
Hans E. Klein
WACRA
NEEDHAM, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Abstract
Financial fraud is a major problem throughout the world. This paper examines major legislation and significant court cases in the United States relating to financial fraud. An approach to using these cases in a principles of auditing course to facilitate active student learning is described.
Session 42
THE ENTREPRENEURIAL GAME PPM
THE CASE OF THE PHRASA ENTERPRISE
Janko Belak, Mojca Duh, Tjasa Strukelj, Karidia Toure and Ales Tisler
University of Maribor
School of Business and Economics
MARIBOR, SLOVENIA
Abstract
At the School of Business and Economics of the University of Maribor - Slovenia, the entrepreneurial Games PPM (games of entrepreneurship, enterprise's policy and management) have been performed for the 5th consecutive year. The following paper is concerned with the characteristics of these Games and with selected cases of the participating and awarded Phrasa enterprises. Because each year the Games are continually refined, we believe that our experience may be relevant and instructive to others.
Session 42
BARRY HIGHTOWER STRIKES OUT
Frederick J. Stephenson, Kathryn H. Hunnicutt and Josef M. Broder
University of Georgia
ATHENS, GEORGIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case deals with a classroom behavioral problem that surfaced unexpectedly when a graduate
teaching assistant, Barry Hightower, substituted for a highly respected teacher and tenured faculty
member, Marilyn Wilson. Marilyn has returned from giving a speech to find a disturbing note
from Barry that defines in no uncertain terms how frustrated he was with the attitude and actions
of students in Marilyn's class on the day he taught in her place. The case focuses on actions
Marilyn might take in response to the letter, causes of the problem, actions that Marilyn or Barry
might have taken to have avoided the problem in the first place, and corrective measures that
might prevent future problems of this nature. It is a classic case of two highly dedicated teachers
who find themselves in a classroom dilemma.
Session 43
CASE STUDIES IN A TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Antigone Kotsiopulos and Molly Eckman
Colorado State University
FORT COLLINS, COLORADO, U.S.A.
Abstract
Preparing students for careers in the global marketplace requires innovative teaching methods that encourage interactive learning and critical thinking. This paper explores three modifications of the traditional case study method incorporating technology--a case study on the Internet, a case using industrial software and data base, and case analysis and problem solving using collaboration software. Each modification is discussed as are benefits and limitations. Implications for curriculum development are also addressed.
Session 43
USING THE WEB TO TEACH INTERNATIONAL MARKETING
Juanita Roxas, Helena Czpiec, Patricia Hopkins
California State Polytechnic University
POMONA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 44
THE TRAINING OF TOP MANAGERS FOR MARKET
EKONOMY CONDITIONS
Vladimír Gozora
Slovak Agricultural University
NITRA, SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Abstract
In this paper we present contribution analyses the present level of business management and factors of professional orientation of the graduates of The Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra. We describe strengths and weaknesses of the professional training and introduce several proposals to increase level of the theoretical and practical training of the graduates to better function in positions of top management.
Session 44
MAKING THE CASE FOR USING CASE STUDIES
IN THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARCHIVISTS CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION PROGRAM
Joan Sander
Society of American Archivists
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 45
THE INTERNET: A POWERFUL NEW TEACHING AND RESEARCH TOOL FOR
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS FACULTY
Gerald Crawford
University of North Alabama
FLORENCE, ALABAMA, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 45
PERSONAL BANKRUPTCY: WHO LOSES?
Abdel Agami
Old Dominion University
NORFOLK, VIRGINIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
The number of US families expected to file bankruptcy in 1996 is estimated at 1,100,000, as compared to 875,000 families in 1995 and 780,455 in 1994. This alarming increase in the number of families filing for bankruptcy is raising concerns among many individuals, businesses, and government as to its reasons, consequences, and remedies. The purpose of this case is to portray a picture of what is happening in order to stimulate students' thinking as to the reasons for the increase in personal bankruptcy and possible remedies for this phenomenon. The case can be used in courses in business ethics, business law, finance, accounting, and with some minor changes in sociology courses.
Session 46
BRINGING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TO LIFE
THROUGH EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES
James W. Cagley
University of Tulsa
TULSA, OKLAHOMA
Abstract not available at press time
Session 47
CASE RESEARCH, WRITING AND TEACHING:
THE UNBROKEN CIRCLE
William Naumes and Margaret J. Naumes
Whittemore School of Business and Economics
University of New Hampshire
DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE U.S.A.
Abstract
Case writing in business and academic settings has been primarily used as a pedagogical technique to help students to understand administrative practices in real world settings. This same technique, however, can be effective both for developing as well as testing theory. This paper proposes that teachers and trainers should participate in case writing activities to further their ability to understand as well as teach the concept of administrative disciplines. In this manner, we can connect the parts of the circle that comprise our profession, teaching and research.
Session 47
HEALTH BENEFIT TRENDS IN LARGE ORGANIZATIONS:
A CASE STUDY OF THREE ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
Barbara McElroy
Berry College
MOUNT BERRY, Georgia, U.S.A.
Abstract
Health insurance has undergone significant changes over the past twenty years, and new options are available to employers. A recent trend is an increase in the number of employers who offer managed care plans. These cases, drawn from a sample of twenty-four employers, highlight the decision processes and health benefit programs offered by three large international employers, each of which is a leader in its respective industry and has its headquarters in a northeastern U. S. city. Despite the similarities of their locations, their size, and the scope of their operations, they have quite different approaches to controlling health care costs.
Session 48
WORKSHOP:
CASE STUDIES ON GENDER ISSUES IN THE WORK PLACE
Elizabeth M. Hawthorne
The Pennsylvania State University
READING, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A.
Jacqueline Delaat
Marietta College
MARIETTA, OHIO, U.S.A.
Anne Schroer-Lamont
Washington & Lee University
LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA, U.S.A.
Gender issues in the workplace are significant, difficult to address, and difficult to prepare students to address. They are thus ideal candidates for case development and pedagogy. Use of cases can both increase awareness of the issues and help students (and perhaps others, i.e., administrators) develop "coping strategies" for these matters when they emerge. Further, gender issues arise in all cultures, albeit differently from culture to culture, and institutional settings, making them particularly appropriate for an international audience such as WACRA conferences offer.
The session will be conducted by a team with experience in gender issues, case writing and case teaching. Dr. Jacqueline Delaat of Marietta College, Ohio, U.S.A. is teaching and using cases in the non-profit sector (government). She has written an award winning case on gender stereotyping of work (i.e., woman is qualified for one position, hired for another with promise of moving to the first, which never occurs due to stereotyping, women cant do that). She is devoting her sabbatical this Winter to writing additional cases for use in administration classes at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Dr. Elizabeth M. Hawthorne, Penn State (PA, USA) is a long-term WACRA Board member who has presented frequently at WACRA conferences. She has written several cases for use with higher education graduate students and has conducted workshops on teaching and writing case studies. Dr. Anne Schroer-Lamont is the Associate Dean of Students and Counseling Psychologist in the University Counseling Service at Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, U.S.A. and has used cases extensively in workshops worldwide teaching about sexual harassment and other gender issues: 1. to be more sensitive to the subtle aspects of gender issues in the workplace, 2. identify several foci for development of cases, 3. be able to analyze a situation for its potential as a viable instructional case study.
Workshop participants will collaborate to identify the range of gender issues in the workplace and to specify the elements of a "good" gender case, to create a "checklist" for the development of rich gender cases that will foster student learning. The final portion of the workshop will focus on examining the preparation of such cases, how to find topics and issues for gender-related cases, and small groups will devise strategies to develop ces based on initial data provided by the workshop facilitators. Particular attention will be focused on cultural differences, the kinds of data sources available for the cases at hand, and any problems (and their solutions) in constructing the case with the information at hand. The workshop will be interactive and participants will have the beginnings of at least three cases at the end of the workshop. These case can then (after the WACRA conference) be further developed in cooperation with other workshop participants. Once these cases are completed they can then be submitted for presentation at WACRA 98 in Marseille (Provence), France in 1998! For more information or to express your interest in participating contact: Elizabeth M. Hawthorne, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Higher Education Director of Academic Affairs Penn State Berks Campus P. O. Box 7009 Tulpehocken Road Reading, PA 19610-6009 610-320-4875 FAX: 610 320-4857 e-mail em7@psuvm.psu.edu.
Session 49
DEVELOPING ACCOUNTING STUDENTS' COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS: CASE STUDIES AS A STRATEGY
Gordon Boyce
Macquarie University
SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA
Helen Ho
Andrea Kelly
Sarah Williams
Deakin University
GEELONG, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
Abstract
Tertiary accounting education has traditionally fulfilled the technical requirements of the profession well, but it is increasingly recognised that graduate accountants lack essential generic skills and competencies, notably communication and problem-solving skills. Teaching and assessment strategies must be reformed to effectively develop broader generic skills within the context of discipline-specific accounting education. Accounting case studies, the educational benefits of which are widely recognised, can play an important role in this process. This paper details numerous strategies which may be implemented to develop the required competencies in accounting students, and considers their implications for accounting educators and students.
Session 49
INTERACTIVE TEACHING, LEARNING, AND CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
Josef M. Broder, Fred C. White and John C. Bergstrom
University of Georgia
ATHENS, GEORGIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
Public scrutiny of higher education has intensified in recent years. In response, schools and colleges have had to critically examine the quality of their undergraduate programs and to develop strategies for educating an increasingly diverse student body in an age of uncertain budgets and emerging information technologies. This paper examines how interactive management techniques were applied to improve the quality of undergraduate instruction in the Department of Agricultural and Applied at the University of Georgia. The findings of three separate studies are summarized. Strategies for improving the quality of instruction are examined for: 1) individual student learning, 2) a particular course of instruction and 3) undergraduate curriculum development.
Session 54
USING INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS IN SUBJECTS MARKETING AND
MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES
Ludmila Nagyová
Slovak Agricultural University
NITRA, SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Abstract
This paper will develop creative abilities of students and will give then practical experience by elaborating the problems subjects of Marketing and Management of Human Resources. We will present a range of methods: group (team) work, case studies, role playing (situation games), presentation of real problems of enterprises from primary agricultural production and food industry, transaction analysis, action learning, systematic approach etc.
The, study of Real Cases" will inspire the interest of seminar participants, enabling systematic learning based on practical experience. In cooperation with international organizations we are developing a project focused on international trade among students companies which will enable them to extend knowledge, gain practical experience, improve communication and presentation skills, develop self-confidence and achieve success in work, manage solution of problems more effectively, use knowledge in finding possibilities to decrease risk, prepare for the entrance into labor market; and interconnect education and enterprising spheres.
Session 52
THE OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF CASE STUDIES
John Parkinson
Atkinson College, York University
TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA
Abstract
This paper examines the ways in which case study responses may be assessed. A number of different assessment styles are considered. Assessment is related to Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Examples of using objective assessment of case responses through multiple choice testing are proposed. It is suggested that objective testing can test the lower levels of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, but not the higher ones. It is concluded that objective testing has some place in case study response assessment, but is not universally applicable.
Session 49
INTERACTIVE TEACHING, LEARNING, AND CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
Josef M. Broder, Fred C. White and John C. Bergstrom
University of Georgia
ATHENS, GEORGIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
Public scrutiny of higher education has intensified in recent years. In response, schools and colleges have had to critically examine the quality of their undergraduate programs and to develop strategies for educating an increasingly diverse student body in an age of uncertain budgets and emerging information technologies. This paper examines how interactive management techniques were applied to improve the quality of undergraduate instruction in the Department of Agricultural and Applied at the University of Georgia. The findings of three separate studies are summarized. Strategies for improving the quality of instruction are examined for: 1) individual student learning, 2) a particular course of instruction and 3) undergraduate curriculum development.
Session 49
A "LIVE INTERACTIVE" CASE IN YOUR OWN BACKYARD:
PERFORMING AN AACSB STANDARDS AUDIT
Lucia Peek and George Peek
Western Illinois University
MACOMB, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper describes a "live interactive" case in which internal auditing graduate students provided audit services to the university's Department of Accountancy faculty. The department faculty are preparing for an American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) accreditation visit. The students participating in the project were basically taking the role of an evaluation team and performing a mock AACSB review. They had to determine whether and how the Accountancy Department faculty perceived they were achieving the department's stated mission and educational objectives, which will also be assessed by the AACSB review team.
The project simulates an internal audit in which the students determine whether the faculty accomplished their established goals. The project allows the students to utilize standard internal audit procedures from a textbook in a real world audit engagement. The students also have the opportunity to practice a variety of professional skills, especially effective interviewing, which is an important skill for auditors to develop.
The case project could be used in other business disciplines. Managers need to perform self-assessments of mission attainment; the case could be used in a management class following the same principles. A marketing class might be asked to analyze department recruitment brochures, catalogue copy, web pages, or advertisements to ascertain whether the media reflects or projects the department's mission and objectives. The case can be expanded by focusing on a different group of university constituents, such as students or alumni, or by addressing the college's or university's goals and mission statements.
Session 50
LEARNING COMMUNICATION
THROUGH ROLEPLAY SIMULATION
Ivan Kejzar
University of Maribor
MARIBOR, SLOVENIA
Abstract not available at press time
Session 50
CAS INCIDENT SUR LA MOTIVATION
Mouloud Madoun
Groupe ESC Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Anne Marie Watson
University of Tampa
TAMPA, FLORIDA, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 50
BUSINESS PROCESS RE-ENGINEERING
CASE STUDY OF A SCOTTISH FIRM
Marian Molasy
Technical University of Wroclaw
WROCLAW, POLAND
Abstract
Since 1993, when the first book of M. Hammer and J. Champie on re-engineering appeared, this method has received an enthusiastic reception and a lot of firms has made an attempt to apply it. However, the reality proved to be much more complicated since most firms that employed the method of re-engineering did not achieve an expected success. An analysis of causes of these failures showed that it is not its radicalism, but concentration on creating the effective precesses that is the most important element of re-engineering. At the same time, most managers, who usually focus their attention on functions, tasks, employees, posts and organisational structures, have problems with understanding the essence of the processes.
The discussed Case Study of a Scottish Firm seeks to explain the essence of re-engineering to the managers (students). The starting-point for consideration is the description of the present state that is a diagnostic analysis of the Firm. The state at which it aims is the modern organization based on the processes and of thoroughly formulated visions of Employees, Shareholders and Customers. The essence of this case is to show the possible ways of transformation from the former state to the latter one. The firm changes its option from the functions to the processes and the managers (students) must correct the methods of management and the role and functions of the very managers according to the idea of re-engineering. In the course of this discussion the suggested solutions will be compared with the real solutions applied in the Scottish Firm, in which the fundamental and radical transformation of the production processes and management methods was performed according to the idea of Business Process Re-engineering.
Session 50
SUPERVISION OF TOP MANAGEMENT
AN EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH A GLOBAL PLAYER
Gerhard Zapke-Schauer
EURATIO Akademie
ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
Abstract
This presentation will describe some of the structures needed to manage global organizations. Topics discussed include how to motivate staff members to pursue common goals and how to initiate a program to change the corporate culture.
Session 51
THE NORTH-SOUTH MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION:
AN INTERACTIVE, GLOBAL SIMULATION
John A. Ruhe
Saint Mary's College
NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, U.S.A.
William R. Allen
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
NORTH DARTMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper presents an interactive, global business simulation primarily designed as a vehicle for conveying the importance of culture in international exchanges. Various other dynamics of multi divisional operations may also be experienced. Procedures for conducting the basic simulation are set forth; outcomes as well as suggestions and options for other uses are discussed.
Session 51
PROMOTING THE INFLUENCES OF RELIGION AND
SPIRITUALITY IN BUSINESS CASE ANALYSIS
John Koziell
Louis Brennan
Merrimack College
NORTH ANDOVER, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide sufficient information and rationale to encourage the introduction of religion and spirituality in business case analysis. The emphasis is on the application of religion and spirituality in assessing managerial thought and decision making. As a functional model, an analysis of religious and spiritual influences in the G-7 countries is developed. Insights on statistical applications are also addressed.
Session 51
USING THE CASE METHOD
IN A FORMER SOCIALIST COUNTRY
James McCollum
University of Alabama in Huntsville
HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA, U.S.A.
Abstract
The case method was little used in Romania during its years under socialism. As the country's economy moves into free market conditions, its business schools need to develop methods to educate students and post graduates to working under free market conditions. The case method is an excellent vehicle for bringing this new orientation to Romanian students. In the period 1991 to 1996, we were able to use the case method of instruction in several settings in Romania. In each instance, the students' reactions were very gratifying and indicated that the case method was very effective for them.
Session 51
WRITING CASE BASED COMPUTER SIMULATION GAMES
Robert W. Schaffer
California State Polytechnic University
POMONA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 52
MULTI-CULTURALISM AND THE DEVELOPMENT/USE
OF CASE STUDIES CONCERNING DIVERSITY IN
ORGANIZATIONS AND GLOBAL MARKETPLACE
CONSIDERATIONS
Michele V. Gee
University of Wisconsin - Parkside
KENOSHA, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Abstract
Organizations in many nations are challenged by increasing diversity in their workforces and customer/client bases. The use of the case study method can be quite instrumental in helping students in colleges and universities, as well as managers in organizations, to engage in better problem resolution of issues arising from complexities concerning diversity. Effectively managing culturally diverse workforces, and understanding customer/client bases are major challenges for organizations around the world. The United States, France, Canada, Great Britain, Brazil, Switzerland, Belgium, and Spain are examples of countries with culturally diverse workers.
This paper can serve as a point of departure for discussions concerning managerial challenges that emerge from multi cultural work situations. In addition, it is hopeful that a dialogue may commence to compare and address the challenges of diversity in many nations.
Session 52
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS
OF THE CASE METHOD IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION
Julien Bilodeau
Université Du Quebec à Montreal
MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
Réal Labelle
HEC
MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
Abstract not available at press time
Session 52
CLUSTERING OF TEAMS IN RELATION
TO LEARNING STRATEGIES
Alex Kelvin
University of Herfordshire
HERTFORD, UNITED KINGDOM
Abstract not available at press time
Session 52
PROFILING OF TEAM ATTRIBUTES
AS GUIDANCE TO TEACHING AND LEARNING
Alex Kelvin
University of Herfordshire
HERTFORD, UNITED KINGDOM
Abstract not available at press timeSession 53
THE EURO: A FINAL BARRIER TO
AN ECONOMICALLY UNITED EUROPE
Karen Cascini
Sacred Heart University
FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT U.S.A.
William Thomas Stevens
Western Connecticut State University
DANBURY, CONNECTICUT U.S.A.
Abstract
After more than 20 years of concentrated effort The International Accounting Standards Committees (IASC) attempt to establish and obtain global agreement on a set of harmonized a set of harmonized international accounting standards has still not come to fruition. Environmental, social, and cultural differences continue to plague the work and the intransigent demands of nations viewing themselves as dominant players in the global world of finance and the international accounting reporting of status and results continue to delay and hamstring the effort. The emergence of potentially powerful blocs of nations generally associated by geographical rather than ethnic or cultural forces, such as the Asian Pacific Economic Council (APEC) or the European Union (EU) have not been successful in achieving either internal agreement as to accounting standards, or in forcing acceptance from other individual nations or other economic combinations of national groups. Additional fuel to the fires of disagreements, distrust, and cultural independence has been added by the issue of a whether or not a common currency is a necessary condition for an economically successful transnational economic union. The EU, more or less, mandated a common currency [currently known as the Euro] to come into existence by 1999. This date has now been moved back to 2002.
In this paper the authors examine the pro and con issues of an EU common currency and conclude that neither the benefits nor the inappropriateness of a single currency is readily conclusive or definitive. More research is clearly needed before one can conclude that a single currency is the path to EU long-term economic survival.
Session 53
DUALLY DIAGNOSED CLIENTS IN A MENTAL HEALTH FACILITY:
CASE STUDY APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT AND FOLLOW UP
Michelle Litton-Betts
University of Akron
AKRON, OHIO, U.S.A.
Abstract
Following the case study of a dually diagnosed homeless individual, a model of intensive case management at a homeless shelter will be demonstrated. The implications for this type of model to be used at other types of agencies working with the dually diagnosed will be discussed. This paper will demonstrate through the case study the appropriateness and desirability of this type of intervention in working with the individuals who have lost hope, are actively psychotic, and are actively using drugs. This type of model, though used very little within the United States, has shown great potential for helping these populations. The needs to wrap around services and providing a healthy, secure environment will be demonstrated.
Session 53
THE USE OF CASE STUDIES
IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Peter Newman
University of Hertfordshire
HERTFORD, UNITED KINGDOM
Abstract not available at press time
Session 53
THE FIFTH WAY ON AC JERTE'S VALLEY
Ricardo Hernández Mogollón
University of Extremadura
CACERES, SPAIN
Abstract not available at press time
Session 54
USING CASE STUDIES IN DIFFERENT CULTURES
A SPANISH AND GREEK COMPARISON
Jerry Forrester
University of Hertfordshire
HERTFORD, UNITED KINGDOM
Abstract not available at press timeSession 54
CASE ASSIGNMENTS: APPROACH GUIDELINES AND
ASSESSMENT OF RESULTING WORK
Carol Lynn Johnson
California Lutheran University
THOUSAND OAKS, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
Cases, as comprehensive assignments, lose value if not approached as holistic learning experiences. The method described in this paper takes the reader through an approach which provides increased opportunity for an improved learning experience. That learning begins with recognition of the relationship of assignment objectives to assessment, then details a methodical approach to a case assignment, and finally, the assessment thereof. The paper describes involvement of students in assessment design. It is recommended that both the process and the product of an assignment be assessed. Further, that assessment responsibility is shared by all stakeholders involved. Student comments are included.
Session 54
THE OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF CASE STUDIES
John Parkinson
Atkinson College, York University
TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA
Abstract
This paper examines the ways in which case study responses may be assessed. A number of different assessment styles are considered. Assessment is related to Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Examples of using objective assessment of case responses through multiple choice testing are proposed. It is suggested that objective testing can test the lower levels of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, but not the higher ones. It is concluded that objective testing has some place in case study response assessment, but is not universally applicable.
Session 54
USING INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS IN SUBJECTS MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES
Ludmila Nagyová
Slovak Agricultural University
NITRA, SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Abstract
This paper will develop creative abilities of students and will give then practical experience by elaborating the problems subjects of Marketing and Management of Human Resources. We will present a range of methods: group (team) work, case studies, role playing (situation games), presentation of real problems of enterprises from primary agricultural production and food industry, transaction analysis, action learning, systematic approach etc.
The, study of Real Cases" will inspire the interest of seminar participants, enabling systematic learning based on practical experience. In cooperation with international organizations we are developing a project focused on international trade among students companies which will enable them to extend knowledge, gain practical experience, improve communication and presentation skills, develop self-confidence and achieve success in work, manage solution of problems more effectively, use knowledge in finding possibilities to decrease risk, prepare for the entrance into labor market; and interconnect education and enterprising spheres.
Session 55
CASE METHOD RESEARCH IN INTERNATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: COMPARATIVE STUDIES
IN SCOTLAND, IRELAND, SINGAPORE AND HONG KONG
William F. Yager
Pacific Lutheran University
TACOMA, WASHINGTON, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper describes the use of a comparative case methodology to study international technology transfer to Scotland, Ireland, Hong Kong and Singapore by high technology transnational corporations based in the United States. Motivations to transfer manufacturing technology, the nature of that technology and the process by which it was transferred are explored in the context of seventeen affiliates of eleven corporations. The process of communicating manufacturing technology to overseas affiliates in the context of this study seems to follow cultural, as well as economic, patterns. In addition to the influence of market proximity, inward investment incentives, operating inside tariff barriers, and skill and supplier availability, there has emerged a fairly clear cultural role in determining, if not the affiliate location itself, certainly the mode of communication, training and appropriate management style within the transfer process.
Session 55
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN CASE ADOPTION
David W. Rosenthal
Miami University
OXFORD, OHIO, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper presents a conceptual framework for case researchers to consider in the development of future cases. The framework consists of ten questions through which cases can be differentiated in order to improve the likelihood of acceptance by students, teaching professors, reviewers, editors, and textbook authors. Sources of differential advantage include choice of the industry and company, choice of the product or service about which the case is written, identification of the central issue, timeliness, and the richness or complexity of the case.
Session 55
EDUCATION OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSES
AS A PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUE
IN AN IN-PATIENT PSYCHIATRIC UNIT
Jack Cooper, W. T. Stevens, Western Connecticut State University
DANBURY, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Maureen Cooper, M.S.N.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 55
A PROPOSED HOSPITAL VOUCHER INCENTIVE SYSTEM
FOR INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY AND CONTROL
Jack Cooper, Joel Goldstein, William T. Stevens
Western Connecticut State University
DANBURY, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract
In today's fast changing health care environment, senior level management of hospitals, nursing homes, home health care agencies and other institutions that provide health care services (HMOs, PPOs, etc.) need to re-identify the role of the "service" departments within their organizations. That is, management needs to recognize that the physical therapy, x-ray, or oncology departments, for example, are not only providers of a specific service but are, in fact, revenue generating profit centers. In addition, senior management needs to educate departmental managers and their subordinates to recognize this fact as well. When viewed from this perspective, the contribution such service departments make towards the overall profitability of the organization takes on a new importance.
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