ABSTRACTS OF RESEARCH PAPERS, CASES
AND PRESENTATIONS
WACRA '98
at Groupe ESC Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
July 9 - 12, 1998
Session 1
WACRA® BOARD MEETING
WACRA® EXECUTIVE AND ADVISORY BOARDS
(followed by lunch)
Palais de la Bourse
9, La Canebière
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Session 2
SEVENTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CASEWRITERS' WORKSHOP
& NOVICE CASEWRITERS' COLLOQUIUM
James W. Camerius
N. Michigan University
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
For the sixth year WACRA offers workshops specially designed to assist you in learning how to write cases and/or improve your cases. Even if you do not submit a case you are welcome to participate and gain valuable insight into the case research-writing-publishing process.
New Casewriters Workshop: A panel of experienced case researchers will discuss how to research, write and improve cases. Among the topics to be covered will be objectives, various types of case research, information sources, the writing process, and the use and development of effective teaching notes. Integral to this process will be the discussion by panel members of several presented cases and teaching notes. These cases, still in the development stage, will demonstrate the case editing and improvement process. Experienced case-writers are also welcome.
The Seventh Annual Casewriters Colloquium Both novice and experienced case writers can benefit from the colloquium. Case presenters, panelists from the workshop, and all other participants are organized into roundtables for (free-form) discussion of various cases presented at each table. Following are the cases to be discussed:
A MERGER COMPANIES
CASE OF TECHNIMEX SA.
Zygmunt Grajkowski
Enterprise Investors
WARSAW, POLAND
Zofia Wilimowska
Wroclaw University of Technology
WROCLAW, POLAND
Abstract
In the paper merging companies TECHNIMEX and KOMA into one growing company is considered. Reasons, advantages and disadvantages of merging, financial and social aspects of merging are discussed. Polish individual and institutional customers bought various types of computers and various types of software systems. Bigger Polish clients (Banks, Health Services, Big Industrial Companies, and Insurance Companies) required more sophisticated integrated computer hardware and software services. The managers had to look for solutions. The computer firm TECHNIMEX SA merged with former competitors to raise its potential and to extend its product line and market share. Will the merger be successful?
AMERICAN FRIED CHICKEN IN RIGA
Chi Anyansi-Archibong
North Carolina A&T State University
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes the challenges facing a pioneer fast food operation in an emerging free enterprise economy. The company is seeking necessary strategies to expand and sustain a customer base. The company is in the process of entering into a joint venture with a chicken farm-a strategy designed to ensure supplies.
AN AMERICAN OUTSIDE PARIS:
THE DOMAINE DU PRINCE VINEYARD
Mary Anne Watson
University of Tampa
TAMPA, FLORIDA, U.S.A.
Valerie Anglais-Hao
Groupe ESC Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Abstract
This case describes the situation facing the Domaine du Prince vineyard, owned and operated by the Jouves family for over 400 years. It is told through the eyes of an American professor visiting the vineyard. The case describes the skills, interests, and visions for the future of several of the Jouves family members, and paints a colorful, detailed picture.
BEACON ARTS CENTER AND INSTITUTE
Phillip Baron
Florida Atlantic University
BOCA RATON, FLORIDA, U.S.A.
Donald Grunewald
Iona College
NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract
The Beacon Arts Center and Institute, located in an area of Florida experiencing rapid population growth, has enjoyed increases in membership, revenue and services. The Board of the corporation and the director must develop a long range strategic plan for the future of the organization. Ability to function is currently restricted by limited space, limited size of staff, and limited endowment. The center also faces potentially troublesome governance issues. The long run future must be addressed by the Board and director of the organization.
VSEOBECNA UVEROVA BANKA
Joseph T. Kastantin
University of Wisconsin LaCrosse
LACROSSE, WISCONSIN, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case study is intended to help students to understand the functions of a banking system in the newly independent states of Central and Eastern Europe. Vseobecna was the largest commercial bank in Slovakia in 1997. Since 1990 the banking system as well as the entire economic and political structure of Slovakia has undergone radical changes. The difficulties are further complicated the need to privatize banks.
DON'T BE HAUGHTY IN SAUDI:
THE BLADECO CASE
Phillip L. Hunsaker
University of San Diego
SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes a dilemma arising from a joint venture between an American company and an Saudi Arabian company regarding how to promote products and do business together. Both companies stand to gain from their cooperative agreement, however, cultural insensitivity, mis-communication, and conflicting ideas about appropriate business practices.
FIAT DRIVES TO CHINA
Dr. Robert J. Mockler
St. John's University
NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Max Herrera
Antonio Mainiero
St. John's University
NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case describes the situation facing the new president of Fiat Auto, Cesare Romiti. Traditionally, although the company had been importing cars from Poland to China, alternative strategies, and decisions about the company's future, were now being studied to allow Fiat to penetrate the lucrative Chinese automotive market.
HOW MUCH HELP IS TOO MUCH?
A CASE OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY
Lucinda A. Montuori
The University of Tampa
TAMPA, FLORIDA, U.S.A.
Britt M. Shirley
The University of Tampa
TAMPA, FLORIDA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This case examines the dilemma faced by Dr. Belice, a university professor who suspects that two of her students might be guilty of academic dishonesty. Dr. Belice must decide if the students have been dishonest, and what punishment would be appropriate in the.
I'M A GAMBLIN' MAN
Helena Czepiec
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
POMONA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
James Hill
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
POMONA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This short case describes how two young, highly motivated college students from California launch their own international business distributing recordable compact discs with very limited resources. Were the two lucky or did they take a rational approach? Danny and Harry now face .
INFORMATION SOCIETY AND EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY
"YEAR 2000 EDUCATIONAL EFFECT" CASE IN SPAIN
Jose' Luis Medel Bermejo
University of Extremadura
CACERES, SPAIN
Abstract
A comparison with the computer world, where the so called "Effect Year 2.000", will shortly be produced, serves to outline some educational problems in the Information Society. In particular, what is analyzed is the logic that underlies the repeated enlargement of the compulsory schooling.
Taking as a base the Theory of the Unleveling ("The educational growth based on the enlargement of the schooling creates, in an unequal society, an increase in the deficiencies of basic education") we analyze the different reasons that provoke this situation and that will give rise to the "Effect Year 2.000" in education.
Finally, two alternatives are outlined to avoid, or at least to mitigate the consequences of the mentioned effect: To endow Adult Education with its real sense and not to lose the perspective of the recurrent Education.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO STOP BEING A SELLER AND
TO BECOME THE FIRST BUSINESSMAN OF THE REGION?
RICARDO LEAL's CASE
Ricardo Hernandez
University of Extremadura
CACERES, EXTREMADURA, SPAIN
Abstract
Researching produces knowledge and researchers do it while Innovation produces enrichment and businessmen do it, perhaps with the support of researchers, but always focused on the market, on the customers. This case highlights the possibility of creating a firm, develop it and be successful, facing strong competitors and little favorable environment contingencies, but always basing the actions on the Innovation, with the appropriate.
Session 3
CROSS NATIONAL TEACHING FORUM
LET'S TALK ABOUT TEACHING ABROAD
FIFTH CROSS NATIONAL TEACHING FORUM
Marie-Louise Andersson (Session Chair)
Iona College
NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Carmen Vega-Carney (Co-chair)
AGSIM (Thunderbird)
GLENDALE, ARIZONA, U.S.A.
As part of the WACRA Interactive Case Sessions - a session will be held to discuss issues pertaining to teaching across cultures. There will be panels representing different regions of the world: Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin, Central and North America. If you have had experience teaching or training in another part of the world, you may want to join. If you think you might be or would like to teach in another part of the world, you may want to meet others who have done so. We promise a lively presentation and discussion:
Panel:
A. Klein, Wheelock College, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
M. Kay, Montclair State University, MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A.
J. Jackson, Chinese University of HONG KONG, HONG KONG
D. Hsu, Dominikan College. ORANGEBURG, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
D. Parvazian, Pace University, NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
A. Sallustio, Pace University, NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Session 4
OPENING PLENARY SESSION
at
GROUPE ESC MARSEILLE-PROVENCE
Session 5
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS' ATTITUDE TOWARD
THE CASE-STUDY METHOD
A. J. Almaney
DePaul University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
TEACHING RESEARCH BY DISTANCE EDUCATION
AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
Marlene M. Rosenkoetter
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
Wilmington, North Carolina, U.S.A.
Abstract
Teaching research by distance education and computer technology is a viable alternative to the more traditional methods; however, it requires modifications in both teaching and learning styles. Contingency plans are needed to address the variations in support technology available to students, their knowledge and skills in using that technology and provide assistance to them as they progress through the course.
EASTERN EUROPEAN TRANSITION - A FOCUS FOR DEVELOPING
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SKILLS THROUGH
INNOVATIVE CASE METHODOLOGY
Sue Faulkner & Jim McLoughlin
University of Brighton
BRIGHTON, ENGLAND
Abstract not available at press time
Session 6
ACCOUNTABILITY: THE FOCUS OF THE NEW MILLENNIUM
HOW CASE STUDIES ARE PROMOTING AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE TERM
Ernest J. Pavlock
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
FALLS CHURCH, VIRGINIA, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
TEACHING AS COMMUNITY PROPERTY:
ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF THE UNDERGRADUATE EXPERIENCE
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
Josef Broder and Jere Morehead
University of Georgia
ATHENS, GEORGIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
Public research universities are often criticized for the poor quality of life experienced by their undergraduate students. As the university's role of in loco parentis has diminished, so has their involvement in co-curricular and student learning activities that take place outside the classroom. In response to these criticisms, the University of Georgia appointed a campus-wide, interdisciplinary task force to evaluate the state of the undergraduate experience and to submit recommendations for its improvement. This paper describes the purpose, activities, findings and recommendations of this task force. Implications for managing change in higher education through collaboration are discussed.
THE RELATIVE INFORMATION VALUE OF CASH FLOW AND ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING REPORTS: TWO NEW ZEALAND CASE STUDIES
Marilyn Waldron & Boris Popoff
University of Otago
DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND
Abstract not available at press time
Session 7
COMPUTER SIMULATION AND INTERACTIVE LEARNING IN
SYMBOLIC LOGIC CLASSROOM
Yuanqian Chen
Central Connecticut State University
NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract
In symbolic logic, one needs to learn an artificial language, the language of first-order logic. The precision and the lack of ambiguity of this language are essential to the study of reasoning and deduction. The greatest challenge that students encounter in learning the language is the translation between their native language and the language of first-order logic. This is due to the contrasting nature of two languages and the lack of environment where the language of first-order logic is used. An earlier paper [1] has introduced a computer visual program that provides an environment where the language of first-order logic can be used. In this paper, we study the case where computer simulation and students interaction with computers can help students become skilled in translations between English and the language of first-order logic.
**
TEACHING MATHEMATICS: A CULTURE SENSITIVE ART
Georgia B. Pyrros
University of Delaware
NEWARK, DELAWARE, U.S.A.
Abstract
International graduate students who work as teaching assistants have been criticized for having difficulty meeting our undergraduate students' needs. I recently launched an apprentice program for our international TAs that provided valuable "on the job'' training in the teaching of mathematics. The training was based on the concept that teaching is not a science but a performing art. An art that is extremely culture sensitive and difficult to master. My goal was to make the TAs aware first of themselves and second of their audience.
In pursuit of self-awareness some of the questions that had to be answered were: Where do I come from? What is my culture? Why am I at this institution? Do I have to have a job to support myself? What is my level of proficiency in the English language? Do I really want to be a good teacher? What do I gain by learning effective teaching skills?
Being aware of the needs of the student audience is not an easy task for any instructor. The apprentices made their own discoveries. They became aware of the fact that the American secondary education system Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Delaware International graduate students who work as teaching assistants have been criticized for having difficulty meeting our undergraduate students' needs. I recently launched an apprentice program for our international TAs that provided valuable "on the job'' training in the teaching of mathematics. The training was based on the concept that teaching is not a science but a performing art. An art that is extremely culture sensitive and difficult to master. My goal was to make the TAs aware first of themselves and second of their audience In pursuit of self-awareness some of the questions that had to be answered were: Where do I come from? What is my culture? Why am I at this institution? Do I have to have a job to support myself? What is my level of proficiency in the English language? Do I really want to be a good teacher? What do I gain by learning effective teaching skills? Being aware of the needs of the student audience is not an easy task for any instructor. The apprentices made their own discoveries. They became aware of the fact that the American secondary education system is different from their own educational system. They came to realize that if they taught well, their accent did not play a major role in their classroom performance. Most importantly, they discovered the power of interactive teaching. All apprentices saw clearly that lecturing is not a very effective way of teaching mathematics and that the students learn better by active participation. They also gained awareness of the simple things that students do not understand. In this session I will discuss the organization of the apprentice program and describe the techniques used to accomplish its objectives. I will also share my apprentices' experiences as well as mine, and the undergraduate students' opinions.
FROM BOTH SIDES OF THE CULTURAL LOOKING GLASS:
COMPARATIVE KYRGYZ-AMERICAN CASE STUDIES
Patricia Ann Brock
Raritan Valley Community College
Culture & Language Consultant, IPS, Inc.
SOMERVILLE, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A.
Abstract
Crossing cultures is not an easy endeavor. Since there are two cultural sides to every encounter, this interactive session permits the participants to examine vicariously both sides: an American professor teaching in Kyrgyzstan and a Kyrgyz student learning in America. Each experience in the new culture is a "first" for each character. Through a briefing, reading, and debriefing process, the participants will partake in a discussion in which their personal cross-cultural experiences play an important role.
Session 8
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES:
MEETING THE MARKETING CHALLENGES OF NATIONS IN TRANSITION
Spero C. Peppas
Mercer University
ATLANTA, GEORGIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
For many nations, the move from a command to a market-directed economy through the "privatization" of public and quasi-public activities has resulted in certain negative effects. In an effort to reduce these effects and to aid in re-establishing macro-economic equilibrium, governments of some of these nations have realized the need to aid in the development of small and medium sized businesses in their primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. Some of these countries have, with varying degrees of success, turned to international organizations to help in funding these projects. This paper sets forth specific recommendations to aid governments of nations making the command to market-directed economy transition.
GRADING CASE COURSES TO FOSTER COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
John A. Seeger
Bentley College
WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
Abstract
Employers seek recruits who work well in teams, take the initiative in problem solving, listen to others' viewpoints, and share their analyses with colleagues. Colleges believe they build these skills in students. But while we praise these virtues in the classroom, we punish their practice severely. When students share ideas in examinations or written work, we call it "cheating". In case courses we often reward students for talking, but rarely reward them for learning from their classmates' contributions; we have no metrics to gauge their skill in listening. Our grading systems drive students away from the ends we pursue. Here are experiments with different grading systems.
REFLECTIONS FROM THE HEART...
THE APPLICATION OF CLASSROOM-BASED NARRATIVES
TO THE PROCESS OF INCREASING TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS
A NEW PAGE IN THE STORY OF SUCCESS...
A NEW CHAPTER IN THE LIFE OF HOPE
Ana Gil Serafin & Ernestine G. Riggs
Northeastern Illinois University & North Central Regional Educational Laboratory
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract
This article focuses on classroom-based narratives that reflect how a convenience sample of twenty-five graduate students, who were practicing teachers, utilized the real life events and experiences of their students to help them become instructional explorers and effective problem solvers. In the narratives, the teachers functioned as freelance writers, who attempted to better understand and cope with the challenges of teaching in a large urban school district. The case studies and self reflections helped them to analyze their beliefs and demonstrate how thinking about and reflecting on instructional approaches can result in changed paradigms and improved teaching.
Session 9
PREPARING TEACHERS FOR URBAN SETTINGS:
AN INTERACTION APPROACH TO EVALUATION
Shirley Malone-Fenner
Wheelock College
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
Abstract
Clearly, the preparation of teachers to perform successfully in multilingual and multicultural classrooms represent a challenge to schools of education. Teacher preparation programs must include meaningful teaching experiences to help prospective teachers explore their own conceptions of teaching and learning, their understanding of subject matter, their understanding of students' understandings, and their skill in evaluating representations. Pre/Post assessments and narrative case evaluations are becoming popular as performance assessment tools. They allow teachers to evaluate student teacher performance and diagnose student needs. These types of assessments empower student teachers to take control of their learning by giving them an opportunity to participate in the evaluation process.
A CONVERSATION ABOUT HOLOGRAPHIC LEARNING
Barton Kunstler
Lesley College School of Management
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
Abstract
Cultivating the ability to generate leaps of intuition can enhance problem solving and learning in any context. Holography offers a useful metaphor for mental operations that encourage these insights. Such methods include effectively oriented approaches, such as cultivating our instinctive panic when confronted with a difficult problem. Others focus on shifting and expanding our perceptions of situations, while those we call Miming the Masters and Brain Mapping use kinesthetic techniques to generate high-performance states. Taken together, the various techniques contain the potential to transform the ways in which we solve problems, learn, and teach.
Session 10
AN INTERACTIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING
USING CASE METHOD AND GLOBAL INDUSTRY SIMULATION
Kamal M. Abouzeid
School of Business and Economics, Lynchburg College
LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
The case study method when supplemented by computerized global industry simulation provides an interactive and effective pedagogical approach to teaching capstone business courses.
CASE ANALYSIS: WESTERN METHOD APPLICABILITY IN EASTERN EUROPE
Dana-Nicoleta Lascu
University of Richmond
RICHMOND, VA, USA
Mircea Vatasescu
Ecological University
BUCHAREST, ROMANIA
Abstract
The case method can play an important role in solving problems and in teaching problem-solving, as well as in initiating and managing change. Prior to the fall of communism, the case method has only been selectively used as a teaching approach in Central and Eastern Europe, and, mostly in countries that were open towards Western influence -- Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic [Lascu, Manrai and Manrai 1996]. Presently, the case approach is increasingly used in a variety of educational settings in Central and Eastern Europe, at both university level, and as a tool for training in post graduate continuing education. Most cases used in undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate studies are developed by Western case writers, within a Western business context, illustrating management issues affecting firms' operations. However, the substantial differences that exist between Western and Eastern European management styles, and cultural and environmental contexts limit the relevance of the cases for the individuals exposed to this particular type of teaching approach; in fact, according to local professors, unless there are attempts to develop case studies of firms operating in the region, the current cases' teaching value to business students and practitioners may be limited to the illustration of Western management practice.
The present study proposes to analyze the extent to which university professors and students in Romania perceive as useful and relevant the case study method. First, the study will assess the usefulness of cases developed in Western countries; second, it will evaluate the extent to which studies developed by Western professors in Romania are valuable and relevant; and finally, the study proposes to examine a) the extent to which Romanian professors are involved in case development, and b) the usefulness of those cases for the illustration of business practice, as assessed by both professors and students.
Romania was selected for the purpose of this study due to the fact that it is representative of transition developments in Central and Eastern Europe. While Romania had not engaged in complete price liberalization and immediate adoption of a market system after the fall of communism, as Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary had [CBI News 1993; Lascu, Manrai and Manrai 1993], it is, nevertheless, quickly catching up. In terms of business education, Romanian business schools, both state and privately-owned, are following a pattern adopted by most business schools in the region, actively pursuing exchanges of the type encouraged and sponsored by various Western programs set up specifically for this purpose, such as TEMPUS, ERASMUS, and CEEPUS [Teichmann and Dolegowski 1995], as well as by educational and charitable foundations, such as the Soros Foundation. In the course delivery process, case studies play an important role, and Western-sourced cases are in high demand at the different business schools.
In the next section, the management education infrastructure in Central and Eastern Europe is discussed, with a focus on the methods used in the education process, and the preparation of academics for management education. In the section following, a description of the study is provided.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE PERCEIVED VALUE
OF CASE STUDY WORK COMPARED WITH
OTHER EXPERIENTIAL WORK
Leon Winer
Pace University
NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract
Authors of the Porter-McKibbin report and many other writers encourage the integration of experiential work into business curricula. Examples of such skills are creative decision-making, team-work, written and oral communications and influencing. This paper describes an effort in this direction conducted in six sections of the introductory graduate marketing course. A survey taken at the end of the semester (total number of respondents = 115) shows the perceived value of five kinds of experiential work. Case study work was not the highest rated. Suggestions are offered for increasing the perceived value of case study work.
Session 11
CASE WRITING WORKSHOP
James A. Erskine
University of Western Ontario
LONDON, ONTARIO, CANADA
This workshop is dedicated to writing field-based, decision-oriented cases for use in classroom discussions and is of interest to new as well as experienced case writers. The workshop focuses on a process that is applicable across all disciplines. The objectives are: 1. Introduce the Case Difficulty Cube concept 2. Re-engineer the Normal Steps in Writing a Case 3. Introduce the Concept of the Case Plan including:
• The Opening Paragraph • Data Requirements Listing
• Statement of Teaching Objectives • Preliminary Teaching Note Outline
• Case Organization by Subtitles • Proposed Time Plan
4. Discuss Continuing Challenges
(Limited Seating--pre-registration required--first registered, first admitted)
Session 12
THE TRADING ROOM - SALLE DE MARCHÉ
A PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT FOR TEACHING FINANCE
Claude Bensoussan
Groupe ESC Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Demonstration I
Session 13
THE INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA SIMULATION
IN MANAGEMENT: AN ASSESSMENT
OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
Lawrence M. Lamont and Anne C. Schroer Lamont
Washington and Lee University
LEXINGTON, VA U.S.A.
Abstract
A recent development in multimedia technology presents an opportunity to evaluate a new interactive teaching method for experiential management education. Managing Customers for Profits, the subject of this research study, is a CD-ROM simulation from Harvard Business School Publishing that is a forerunner in a new generation of educational software. This study reports research on student reaction to the multimedia simulation, the relationship of simulation performance to student learning styles and other measures of student learning, and student reaction to a team course project that uses the simulation as the basis for writing marketing strategy plans and making classroom presentations.
THE CASE OF THE ENTERTAINING GLOBAL INFORMATION SYSTEM:
THEORY AND PRACTICE UNITE
R. Keith Martin
Fairfield University
FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Joseph R. Moran
Price Waterhouse
NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract
An organization's information technology infrastructure, the quality and viability of existing systems, the technology currently being used, overall technical skills, and spending levels for all aspects of information technology uniquely, significantly, and in many ways irrevocably, impact the development and implementation of global information systems. These systems are also impacted by an equally wide range of non-technical factors, including the organizational structure of the enterprise; information requirements at the corporate, regional and local levels; cross-cultural issues; national regulations impacting information systems; and overall market forces.
Planning for the development and implementation of global information systems requires that a company prepare a strategic information systems plan that includes an evaluation of its current information technology activities and the ways in which they support its business strategies. Appropriate steering and operations committees should be established to ensure not only the design of effective systems, but also the "buy-in" of all organizational units, both local and abroad, throughout the company. Senior management's commitment of its support for the systems activities is critical to the success of any plan for new and/or improved information systems, whether they be domestic or international.
Recently, a major enterprise in the entertainment industry, a record company with world-wide operations, completed the implementation of major phases of its global information systems. This was preceded by an extensive needs study that identified deficiencies in its current information systems, the impact of those deficiencies on its world-wide competitive position, and development of a strategic plan for improving its information technology capabilities. This paper describes the company's activities and experiences with its global information systems.
CAN'T SEE THE FOREST FOR THE TREES:
ANATOMY OF A CULTURAL CLASH
Johanna S. Hunsaker
University of San Diego
Mary Lindsay
San Diego State University
SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
Canadian-Asian relations have enjoyed a period of relative harmony that is now being disturbed by the influx of new Asian immigrants. At the heart of this controversy is the clearing of old trees in established neighborhoods. Cooperation has been noticeably absent in the tree disputes. This case analysis aims to increase awareness and understanding of the role of culture in this conflict.
Session 14
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CASE STUDIES AND
EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING IN SELECTED MARKETING AND
COMMUNICATIONS COURSES
Elizabeth H. Campbell
Karen E. Cayo
Kettering University
FLINT, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
Abstract
We describe two extended student projects that use case study methods, experiential learning, and secondary research. By simulating "real world" audiences and problem-solving techniques in classroom activities, students are better prepared for assignments with their cooperative employers. These projects also help keep the instructors informed about current issues in the workplace and the world.
AN EXPLORATION OF THE PRACTICE AND PROCEDURES UTILISED
IN CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT ON A MANAGEMENT EDUCATION COURSE PROGRAMME
AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL IN A CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN IRELAND
IN THE 199O's: A QUALITY PERSPECTIVE
Clare Johnson
Dublin Institute of Technology
DUBLIN, IRELAND
Abstract not available at press time
ROLE PLAYS AS A METHOD OF TEACHING
MARKETING CASES
Martha C. Fransson & Robin Chase
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract
The authors summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using cases to teach marketing and identify specific biases which part-time students who are working professionals or executives bring to traditional case discussions. We then describe the role play method and the specific steps required of the instructor in order to use it.
Session 15
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS:
TEACHING AND LEARNING FOR DECISION MAKING USING CASES
Anja Lkoundi
Open University
HEERLEN, NETHERLANDS
Abstract
At Wageningen Agricultural University, a four-week course has been designed in the field of sustainable agriculture entitled, "Biological Diversity in Agro-ecosystems: biological, landscape-ecological and institutional factors". The course is meant for students of various subject-courses such as Plant Sciences, Animal Sciences, Land-use Studies and Socio-economic Sciences. It aims at making a contribution to the disciplinary knowledge-base of the students, as well as making them aware of the various existing perspectives regarding the complex problems concerning the transition towards a sustainable agriculture. Students work in disciplinary groups where cases from real-life situations are used to develop capabilities for judgement and decision-making. Next all students participate in a social-system process simulation to clarify the institutional factors involved in (political) decision-making concerning a well-defined agro-ecological area and finally, students and all teachers, together with "real- life" actors debate to reflect on suggested decisions as well as on their learning experiences.
Sustainable development will be the key-issue for the next decade. It can be defined as: "The management and conservation of the natural-resource base, and the orientation of technological and institutional change in such a manner as to ensure attainment and continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations: such sustainable development conserves water, plant and animal genetic resources in an environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable manner" (FAO, 1992).
TEACHING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
AT THE CZECH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE IN PRAGUE
Jan Hron
Ivana Tichá
University of Agriculture in Prague
PRAGUE, THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Abstract
The paper provides an overview of Strategic Management course as it was developed and has been delivered at the Faculty of Economics and Management of the Czech University of Agriculture in Prague. The paper focuses on the balance between individual student contribution and teamwork, domestic and European/world-wide issues, case studies, exercises, business games and other education tools, on methods of assessment, requirements on both students and lecturers. Intended future development of the course is also outlined.
DE L'UTILISATION D'INTERNET DANS L'ENSEIGNEMENT DE L'AUDIT COMPTABLE
D. Claude Laroche
École des Hautes Études commerciales (Montréal)
MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC, CANADA
Résumé
Cette communication porte sur l'utilisation d'Internet dans le cadre d'un cours d'audit. L'expérience pédagogique, conduite auprès de 85 étudiants se préparant à l'expertise comptable, illustre comment Internet peut venir s'intégrer dans l'enseignement de la comptabilité et de la gestion afin de faciliter l'acquisition des concepts vus en classe tout en familiarisant les étudiants à l'environnement Internet. Nous relatons ici la mise en place et le déroulement de cette expérience, ses modalités de fonctionnement ainsi que les leçons tirées. Enfin, nous dégageons les possibilités et limites que cette technologie pose pour l'enseignant.
USING INTERNET TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE
THE LEARNING EXPERIENCE
IN AN AUDITING COURSE
D. Claude Laroche
École des Hautes Études commerciales (Montréal)
MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC, CANADA
Abstract
This presentation highlights the original use of internet in an auditing course. The experience was conducted with a group of 85 students completing a degree in public accountancy. It displays how internet can enhance traditional teaching methods by simultaneously facilitating the learning of key concepts introduced in the classroom and supplying the students with hands-on internet experience. The actual presentation covers different phases: preliminary development, applications and key lessons learnt. I will finish by summarizing some of the future possibilities and limitations one can expect when using internet technology in an academic setting.
Session 16
CASE TEACHING: A WAY TO BETTER LEARN ECONOMICS:
A MAJOR EXPERIMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN
Elise Kamphuis
University of Groningen
GRONINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS
Abstract
The Department of Economics at the University of Groningen intents to accomplish an active learning environment by case teaching. Therefore, a major case study experiment has been introduced into the courses of the first year. In addition case teaching for graduates in business economics is intensified and it is introduced to general economics graduates.
This paper shows by the means of the experiment whether case teaching contributes to the practising of required skills in an active learning environment, and whether there is evidence that case teaching supports the skills required for the students to function properly on the labour market.
COLLABORATION IN RESEARCHING, WRITING,
AND PUBLISHING CASES
Gary L. Peterson
University of Puget Sound
TACOMA, WASHINGTON, U.S.A.
Abstract
While collaborative writing is regularly prescribed as a valuable goal for students doing case method study, few generally available guidelines are advanced for faculty members who are researching and preparing cases for their own classroom use. Preparing the narrative is one of the most daunting tasks of the case process. Even when the sole case writer and user engages in narrative preparation, it is likely that collaborative help is needed and has been used. Demands for collaborative work increase when interdisciplinary perspectives are involved. This paper reviews the range of collaborative practices associated with case writing and casebook editing.
CREATING A PROMOTIONAL PLAN FOR ESTABLISHING
A CENTER OF EXCELLENCE: A CASE APPROACH
TO IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL MISSION IMPACT
Elizabeth I. Vaughn-Neely
Michael C. Budden
Joseph H. Miller, Jr.
Southeastern Louisiana University
HAMMOND, LOUISIANA, U.S.A.
Abstract
In December 1996, Louisiana Department of Education (LDOE), Louisiana Office of Public Health (LOPH), and Southeastern Louisiana University (SLU) formed a partnership to establish The Center of Excellence in Health and Education at SLU. The Center had the responsibility of providing a support structure for coalition activity; developing innovative, interdisciplinary models of inservice and preservice training for educators, social service professionals, health professionals, preventive mental health professionals, school-based health center staff, and local coordinated school health coalitions; in addition to acting as fiscal agent for grant projects and service contracts for the state of Louisiana. For the Center's mission to be accomplished it was essential that the message be heard by the necessary audiences and the services meet the needs of the target markets in a timely fashion. It is the intent of this marketing project to start slowly, evaluate progress, and periodically redesign to incorporate necessary changes. Marketing the Center consisted of informal exploration of local, community, parish, and state policies and public mandates regarding school health through informal interviews, program reviews, and questionnaires. The Center's staff have identified potential partners and clients, clarified primary services to be offered, and communicated with intended audiences through flyers, brochures, and word of mouth. This was somewhat ineffective; thus, it was necessary to regroup and reorganize efforts. The revised goals of the marketing plan include a review of the original data, supplement findings with current information to determine what is working in coordinated linkages; identify the components of a coordinated approach that already exist within the state of Louisiana, and prioritize issues and programs according to importance and probability of success thus building a base of support.
Session 17
ROLE PLAYING EXERCISES FOR TEACHING LEGAL PROCESS
Jacqueline D. Lipton
Law Faculty, Monash University
CLAYTON, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
Abstract
The following are some reflections from practical experiences of role playing scenarios in teaching the introductory first year law subject "Legal Process" at Monash University. They are not intended as an in-depth research piece, but merely as some personal observations evaluating such teaching methods in this context and attempting to identify the kinds of experiences they provide to, and skills they promote in, students. Some comment is made about how these methods might be adapted for use in other disciplines. The exercises under discussion involve dispute resolution, negotiation, drafting, constitutional issues, and client interviewing, including use of interpreters.
PERCEPTIONS OF CHINESE STUDENTS IN
AN ENGLISH-MEDIUM CASE-BASED MANAGEMENT COURSE
Jane Jackson
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
HONG KONG, S.A.R. CHINA
Abstract
This paper reports on one aspect of a three-year ethnographic investigation of the use of cases in the Faculty of Business Administration at The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Data about case-based learning in an English-medium undergraduate management course were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, videotaping, program document analysis, and field notes. The analysis of the data reported here focuses on the students' perceptions (the value of cases in assisting their learning, self-ratings of participation/ language level, language preference, expectations about the roles of professors/ students in case discussions) and their suggestions for ways to improve case discussions.
GOING STRATEGIC - HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND
ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN A TAIWANESE COMPANY
Anne Marie Francesco
Lubin School of Business, Pace University
NEW YORK, NY, U.S.A. and
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
HONG KONG
Chang-I Bonnie Chen
Taiwan National Chengchi University
TAIPEI, TAIWAN, REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Abstract
The case describes Eva Chen's first year as a senior human resource manager in a medium-sized diversified listed company in Taiwan. Eva tries to position the HR department as a strategic partner with top management. Eva develops many new HR systems, but these were not always enthusiastically received. In addition, HR department members were not very happy because they were working such long hours and under great pressure. At the end of the case, Eva ponders what she should do next. She is concerned whether she is doing the best thing for the organization, her own HR staff, and herself.
What to do? Eva Chen had been in the human resources position at YUAN Group for about a year now. She was so optimistic when she began. Mr. John Pan, the YUAN Group chief executive officer, had brought her from an administrative position in one of the group companies to become not only head of human resources but at the senior management level (while her predecessor was only a department head). Eva's hard work and good ideas had impressed Mr. Pan, and when Eva assumed the new position, both were optimistic that Eva would be able to do good things for the company. Now Eva wasn't so sure.
Session 18
USING CASE WRITING AS A TEACHING TOOL
Margaret J. Naumes and William Naumes
University of New Hampshire
DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE, U.S.A.
Abstract
There is an extensive body of literature on the benefits of cases in a classroom setting. One aspect that has not been extensively explored, however, is the benefits of having students actively engaged in case writing. This paper is based on the authors' experiences with case-writing as an integral part of a course project. In our opinion, having students research and write their own cases for classroom use enables them to develop and use valuable skills in the areas of research, analysis, and communication. Also, importantly, it helps students learn to distinguish between information and opinion, providing them with a stronger base for their subsequent analysis.
CYBERGOGY AND ADULT LEARNING:
A CASE RESEARCH STUDY USED AS A
DECISION MAKING TOOL IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Allan Goody
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
URBANA, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Violet Malone
Western Washington University
BELLINGHAM, WASHINGTON, U.S.A.
Abstract
Cybergogy is a term coined by a participant in a course on adult learning. It refers to an act of teaching/learning using web-based technology. The participants in the course enrolled to learn about adult learning expecting the traditional lecture/discussion mode of instruction. The nature of the course taught in cyberspace forced them to develop a case study of themselves as adult learners. This was the basis for a case research study which is being used to make decisions about the content and method of teaching in the course and the implications for other courses in the program. The participant-developed case is now being used as a teaching tool in the required course on learning in adulthood. The course continues to be offered in cyberspace.
THE USE OF GENERIC MINI-CASES
IN MANAGEMENT COURSES
Mitja I. Tavcar
College of Management
KOPER, SLOVENIA
Abstract
The author reports on the use of generic mini-cases in an environment where sufficient case-material is not available and where writing of cases is culturally not well accepted yet. Generic mini-cases differ from traditional mini-cases (as used by the incident method) as being strings of very short texts describing typical managerial problems in a single company operating in an industry and region familiar to students. Generic mini-cases have found favorable acceptance as well with undergraduate as with part-time students in courses covering strategic management, business-to-business marketing and services marketing. The associative reasoning concept used with generic mini-cases may, under circumstances, be a creative alternative to the traditional virtual reality concept of Harvard-type cases.
Session 19
INTERACTIVE CASE WRITING WORKSHOP
James Camerius
Northern Michigan University
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
Workshop
Session 20
see session # 12 - Demonstration II (More advanced topics)
Session 21
CAN 1 + 1 + 1 = 1 ?
CAN PARENT FIRMS FROM THREE CULTURES FORM ONE JOINT VENTURE TEAM?
John F. Hulpke
California State University Bakersfield and
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Katherine Xin
Marshall School of Business
University of Southern California and
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Abstract
The strength of the case method is that it integrates several perspectives, rather than the sterile "one discipline" approach we have seen in past years. In using one particular case involving questionable overseas payments, for example, we learn how adept students are in partitioning knowledge to satisfy instructor expectations. When this case is used in a Marketing class, the students invariably come up with creative ways to make the deal, funnelling the "gratuity" (bribe) through a variety of channels they invent. When the same case is used in the Business Ethics course, the class invariably comes up with when and how to blow the whistle, how to get the job done without bribery. Students have in the past been accustomed to partitioning of knowledge in a way not at all realistic in the real world. Thus, we use the case method. The case method allows learning of content, and facilitates the development of "cross-functional" perspectives.
In this session, we would like to, again, work to solve more than one problem simultaneously. These problems are:
1.Business students know little about China. There are not enough good cases about China.
2.Joint ventures fail too often. JVs have difficulty forming ONE culture
3.New technology is available for instruction. Business education needs to use it.
MENTAL GOVERNANCE STYLES AND TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES IN THE BUSINESS CLASS
Anita Jackson
Central Connecticut State University
NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract
Bias in the class is always a problem; however, if students are disinterested and bored then bias may be occurring without your knowing. The mental governance style favored by the teacher may result in an unintended bias in favor of students that prefer the teacher's style. This article addresses the questions, What is mental governance? and What teaching techniques are associated with each mental governance style?
Session 22
THE USE OF CASE STUDIES IN ASSESSING PRIOR LEARNING:
NEW STRATEGIES TO EVALUATE NON-TRADITIONAL LEARNERS
Frederic Jacobs
American University
WASHINGTON DC, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper analyzes present practices regarding prior learning assessment, and proposes using case studies, particularly for non-traditional learners. Present institutional practices document learning, relying primarily on transcripts of previous academic work, or they attempt to validate learning through standardized tests, and portfolios. Relatively few institutions require students to demonstrate present competence, knowledge, and skills. Non-traditional learners, now comprising more than forty percent of undergraduates, utilize validation procedures far more heavily than do traditional learners; improvements in validation and demonstration procedures are essential if these students are to be well served as post secondary students. The paper examines how the present prior learning evaluation system works, how validation and demonstration can be improved, and the role of case studies in that process. The paper proposes utilizing case studies to enable institutions to assess competencies, and non-traditional learners to affirm their levels of achievement.
INTEGRATION-CONTROL, A PARTICIPATIVE LEARNING EVALUATION
Alain Roger and Robert Weisz
Institut d'Administration des Entreprises
Université de Droit AIX-MARSEILLE
PUYRICARD, FRANCE
Abstract not available at press time
Session 23
ESTABLISHING INTERNET WEB SITE FOR STUDENTS
TO START & RUN OWN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Helena Czepiec
California State Polytechnic University
POMONA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
The purpose of this project is to develop a web site specifically designed to assist college students worldwide who wish to start or to grow their own international businesses. The site would link students to an extensive array of sources such as tutorials on importing and exporting, information on financing, and industry and country research. However, what would make this site unique, would be the opportunity for students to partner with each other to obtain trade leads, exchange information and develop mentoring relationships.
The entrepreneurial tradition has always been strong in the United States. However, having grown up with a constant barrage of newspaper stories about corporate downsizing, students today are particularly interested in starting their own businesses. According to the Los Angles Times (Oct. 22, 1997), college students in the United States are flocking to courses on running a small business and over 1,000 post secondary schools now offer at least one course in the field.
It is very likely that students worldwide are beginning to embrace the ideals of entrepreneurship. As double digit unemployment continues in Europe, students realize that the best way to succeed is to start their own businesses. European governments also realize that they cannot depend exclusively on large established corporations to rescue their countries economically. Instead they need to develop cultures where small businesses can thrive.
ELECTRONIC NETWORKS AS A COMPETITIVE WEAPON:
THE USE OF THE INTERNET FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES
Dominique Jolly
Groupe ESC Grenoble
GRENOBLE, FRANCE
Abstract
Based on a study of a panel of 12 recent business experiences on the Internet in French SMEs, the paper examines the strategic impacts of these new tools. It distinguishes five different patterns of Web sites according to the span of functionalities offered. It offers a typology of the strategic moves that can be implemented through the use of the World Wide Web for commercial purposes. It shows how these new information technologies may seriously impact on the way business is conducted. It shows how Internet could be the ferment of changes in the management of commercial processes and the ferment of dramatic changes in the competitive area.
Session 24
THE BLOCKBUSTER APPROACH:
USING COMMERCIALLY- RELEASED VIDEO AS CASE STUDY PEDAGOGY
IN THE CLASSROOM
Casey Jordan
Western Connecticut State University
DANBURY, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract
In teaching topics of sociology and criminal justice, commercially released videos have been succesfully combined with assignments which require students to match information from the textbook to the story or characters [i.e., the case study] in the film. For instance, the movie Boyz 'n' the Hood, if analyzed from a sociological perspective, contains sscenes which exemplify more than twenty criminological theories. This articles serves as an analysis of four video "case studies" which have been researched and tested in the classroom environment, with tremendous didactic success. The advantages and dangers of using video as case study are also discussed.
NEURAL NETWORKS, SOCIOECONOMIC PERFORMANCE,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Patrick Haim
ISEOR, Université Lumière
LYON, FRANCE
Abstract
This article presents both a theoretical and practical approach to the management of organizations. The contribution of new discoveries in cognitive neuro-psychology combined with on-site experimentation in French businesses, allows for the construction of an innovative model of biomanagerial management. The objective being the explication and improvement of these organizations. The presentation of these instruments facilitates the comprehension and understanding of the characteristic mechanics of the functioning of these organizations. These instruments also open the new path of the management of tomorrow, and the reduction of incertitude for all organizations that wish to evolve and adapt to the waves of change in technology.
Session 25
FRENCH-AMERICAN ACADEMIC COOPERATION
David Clarke
Southern Illinois University
CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract
As a result of prior sabbatical visit, an American professor of management of technology and a similarly situated French professor are now working together through their respective courses in management.
The French professor has the same students for the entire AY 1997-1998 while the American professor had a different class for fall (Work Center Management) and a different class for spring (Technology and international Trade). All sets of students are in the 14th to 16th grades; however, while the French students are relatively uniform in age, the Americans vary greatly due to the inclusion of numerous "alternative" students.
In the fall of 1997 the two classes were broken into teams of mostly two each, one American and one French students, to work on an ethics case regarding an apparent bribe to sell Brazilian corporate jets to a newly-privatized Rumanian power company. Teams worked together through asynchronous e-mail. A few of the American students were able to work at home on their own dial-up PCS but most of the American and all of the French students worked in their computer labs.
The project for the spring semester, beginning 12 January 1998, is for the two classes to work together to help Thread FX "go" international. Thread FX is a ten-year old, five-employee company that was started by a student of the American professor. Thread FX owns 40 computer-driven sewing "heads" to manufacture custom embroidery for the North American market. It produces patches, logos for caps, embroidered employee polo shirts and other similar items.
This time the project will be pursued both synchronously (through Tribal Voice Pow Wow) from 9-10 am CST, including the CEO of Thread FX, and asynchronously using Pow Wow messaging or normative Eudora e-mail.
The framework of the presentation will be a chronological, step-by-step exposition and analysis of the difficulties encountered by each class, team and even individuals from semester to semester and project-to-project. Examples will be illustrated with "screen shots" saved into PowerPoint. The objectives is to warn WACRA members of unexpected, multiplier or synergistic effects that come from mixing technologies and cultures. There were and are surprising problems, emerging out of a matrix that included cultural differences, collaboration, team-building, patience (and lack thereof), lone-wolf tendencies, differing computer skill levels, uneven class member abilities and multicultural attitudes.
CYBORGIAN LEARNING: A CASE STUDY APPROACH FOR BUSINESS SPEAKING
Caroline Hatcher and Patsy McCarthy
Queensland University of Technology
BRISBANE, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA
Abstract
This paper argues that, with the continuing emphasis on flexible and distance modes of learning, trainers in speech communication are challenged to invent new ways to help learners to become better speakers. A case study of Rupert Murdoch, international media mogul and business man, has been developed to explore effective speech presentations. The paper examines the learning approach of the Murdoch case study, showing how the speaking model provided by Murdoch is a useful resource for learning how to be an effective presenter. The case study is presented in the multimedia mode. The medium of the CD-ROM allows access to analysis of both verbal and non-verbal aspects of his presentation. The paper suggests that the multi-media format facilitates access to video, photographs, newspaper texts, and interactive learning strategies which guide the speaker to both recognise effective strategies and prepare them to incorporate these strategies into their own presentations.(1)
Session 26
TRANSATLANTIC VIDEO CONFERENCE WORKSHOP
Alain Hutinel
Ecole Superieure de Commerce Marseille-Provence
(Marseille Business School)
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Neil Murphy and Van Wood
Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU)
School of Business
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
A Transatlantic Video-Conference Workshop at the WACRA® conference in Marseille. This proposal is made on behalf of :
Rationale and Objective
Use of video conferences between the two above-mentioned Institutions have proved to be an efficient, inexpensive, exciting and interesting material for students to hold debates with overseas academics and/or business people. This approach fosters instantaneous interactivity and enhances the depth and scope of students' reasoning in many disciplines, as is particularly evidenced in International Business & Economics courses. The objective of the workshop are : to actually demonstrate academic potentials of such broadcast sessions, - to search with participants ways of improving such class efficiency - to investigate new teaching techniques and academic interchanges made possible by this technological opportunity.
Workshop Timing - First 20 minutes : A (limited) panel of US Professors (VCU) and US Business/Economics Leaders will present from Richmond implications of a major World Economic current Event - quite probably the Euro June 1998 decisions. - Next 20 minutes : "direct" debate between WACRA® workshop participants and the US panel members. In Marseille debate will be animated by professor Jean-Pierre Daloz, Dean of the Business School. - Rest of available time (expected to be 20 minutes): Discussion and Conclusions drawn by participants. US participants will stay on line to be available for questions.
Session 27 Session 19 continued
Session 28
LE MANDALA - UNE APPROCHE POST-MODERNE DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT DU MANAGEMENT
Dominique Le Roux and Michaël Shanks
Groupe ESC Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Abstract not available at press time
Session 29 Plenary Session
TQM: LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCES AND CULTURES
Mouloud Madoun
Groupe ESC Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Jürgen Krellmann and Thierry Bugea
COGEMA
SAINT-PAUL-LEZ-DURANCE, FRANCE
Christian Mayeur
France Telecom, FRANCE
Serge Barbitch, SGS Thomson, FRANCE
Jacques Denoize, Groupe ESCMP, FRANCE
Joseph McHugh, Bentley College, U.S.A.
Abstract
1. TQM: New paradigm 2. When did you launch the process? 3. Transfer to other cultures: Germany, UK, U.S.A., Canada, India, France 4. Applying TQM on Business Education: Integration of TQM into Business School Curricula.
Session 30
COMPREHENSIVE CASE WRITING BY STUDENTS
(LA RÉDACTION D'UN CAS MULTIDISCIPLINAIRE COMME MÉTHODE D'APPRENTISSAGE)
Pascal Dumontier
École Supérieure des Affaires
Université Pierre Mendès-France
GRENOBLE, FRANCE
Jacques Fortin & R&eacut e;al Labelle
École des Hautes Études Commerciales
MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
Résumé
Au Canada, la perspective de l'apprentissage pratique de la comptabilité et de la gestion par la méthode des cas intéresse depuis longtemps non seulement les enseignants mais aussi les responsables de l'admission à la profession comptable. Toutefois, l'intérêt de ces derniers laisse voir un point de vue différent de celui qui motive les enseignants. Tout en reconnaissant d'emblée l'utilité de la méthode des cas sur le plan de la formation, les jurys d'examens professionnels s'y intéressent surtout comme outil d'évaluation ou de sélection des meilleurs candidats. La nécessité pour nos étudiants/candidats de bien comprendre comment les examinateurs rédigent les cas et déterminent les grilles de correction nous a amené à leur faire vivre eux-mêmes cette expérience à l'occasion d'un travail de session.
L'objectif de cet article est de partager notre expérience en présentant la démarche que nous avons suivie. Dans la première partie, nous établissons les paramètres du travail exigé et l'échéancier. Ensuite, nous proposons une façon d'aborder la rédaction d'un cas qui tient compte du fait que l'étudiant ne dispose que d'un trimestre pour le rédiger. Dans la troisième partie, nous présentons et commentons la grille de correction que nous utilisons pour évaluer les travaux des étudiants. Enfin, nous tirons nos conclusions de cette expérience.
AUDITING METHODOLOGY : TOOL FOR ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE
KNOW-HOW, PROFESSIONAL AND MANAGERIAL BEHAVIOUR
Eustache Ebondo
Groupe ESCMP Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Abstract
At the moment three trends exist within teaching to convey knowledge to future managers :
These methods and experiments have shown their limits as can be witnessed by the existing gap between training and professional demands.
In the aim of answering to the needs of professors, students and managers, we believe that the use of auditing methodology could constitute an alternative way of acquiring knowledge, know-how and professional and managerial behaviour.
UN OUTIL INFORMATIQUE ET LA PARTICIPATION DES PROFESSIONNELS
AU SERVICE DE LA FORMATION A L'AUDIT
Jérôme Morel
Ecole Supérieure de Commerce
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Abstract
Les étudiants de l'Ecole Supérieure de Commerce reçoivent en dernière année une formation métier spécialisée. Ce papier a pour but de présenter, dans le cadre de l'option AUDIT, la stratégie pédagogique mise en oeuvre pour la formation en Méthodologie de l'Audit.
Son objectif est de préparer au mieux les étudiants au métier d'auditeur. Elle se caractérise par une forte participation de professionnels en amont, en aval et dans le déroulement du programme ainsi que par l'utilisation d'un logiciel qui autorise le travail de l'étudiant à son rythme et la validation de ses connaissances avant et après les interventions des professionnels.
Session 31
MODELING OF TEAM LEARNING.
Alex Kelvin
Business School, University of Hertfordshire
HERTFORD, ENGLAND
Abstract
This paper applies integrative clustering to find out learning models of task-oriented teams. Models consist of patterns of group dynamics, research skills, leadership characteristics and structural attributes of teams. Three educational goals were pursued: increase student motivation, maintain the fast pace of learning, and make students more self-reliant. Kelvins team-centred method of multiple exposure provided the training tool. The test is - what students are able to do on their own after the exams. Five models emerged from clustering analysis: underachievement, disparate factions, pragmatic organisation with diffused leadership, efficient adaptation to excellent leader, and creative and targeted interaction.
CASE ANALYSIS IN MARKETING AND LAW:
DIFFERENCES IN DISCIPLINARY MODELS AND MODES OF THINKING
Mark J. Kay and Norma C. Connolly,
Montclair State University
UPPER MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A.
Abstract
Representative marketing and law cases are examined and compared to highlight differences in the reasoning process and distinguish competency in these disciplines. Case discussion can enrich the formation of criteria which enable students to apply concepts to ever changing situations, important to developing proficiency in a discipline. Educators are challenged to teach cases to promote reasoning skills and promote critical thinking while considering the institutional and organizational context which constrains the practice of these disciplines.
CONTEXTUAL RELATIVISM IN NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT EDUCATION:
USING INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS TO STIMULATE CRITICAL THINKING
Martha Golensky
Grand Valley State University
GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
Abstract
Most of the students in nonprofit management education programs are older, mid-career professionals who tend to place high value on course work directly applicable to their jobs. Accordingly, a major concern in the classroom is to be both educationally challenging and pragmatically viable. William Perry's schema depicting the nine stages of intellectual development suggests that students grow to accept themselves as valid sources and interpreters of knowledge. This is akin to current theories of adult education, in which learners' life experiences become source material for curriculum and in-class activities. This paper will focus on the application of these concepts in the Nonprofit Management and Leadership concentration of the MPA degree program at Grand Valley. Illustrations of the use of interactive teaching methods to stimulate critical thinking will be provided.
Session 32
DE LA STRATEGIE A L'ACTION, DEVENIR LEADER PAR LA QUALITE TOTALE
Christian Mayeur
France - Télécom
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Abstract not available at press time
COGEMA CADARACHE
Thierry Bugea
SAINT-PAUL-LEZ-DURANCE, FRANCE
Abstract not available at press time
MYSTERY SHOPPING: A STRATEGIC APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT
OF QUALITY EDUCATION AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Michael C. Budden
Southeastern Louisiana University
HAMMOND, LOUISIANA, U.S.A.
Connie B. Budden
Budden & Associates
HAMMOND, LOUISIANA, U.S.A.
Abstract
Marketers, especially those involved in retailing and banking, have long recognized the valuable role that mystery shoppers can play in an evaluation of service delivery. Mystery shopping has been used for decades by both small and large organizations which desire insightful, real world tests of the quality of their service delivery. Spurred on by the success that retailers have enjoyed through their mystery shopping - personnel assessment programs, others are turning to mystery shopping as a tool to assess the quality of service delivery in other, non-traditional retailing roles. Universities and schools, faced with increasing pressure to assure quality education and service delivery, are prime candidates for using mystery shopping techniques in their formal assessment and quality assurance programs. Recommendations are made concerning the implementation of mystery shopping programs at universities given the experience of retailers, bankers and one such effort at a university.
Session 33
BENTON HARBOR WORKFORCE SKILL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY IN THE EFFICACY OF A COMMUNITY BASED ORGANIZATION
Korynne Taylor-Dunlop
Johnson & Wales University
PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, U.S.A.
Robert D. Moon
Andrews University
BERRIEN SPRINGS, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
Benton Harbor Workforce Skill Development Program
BENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
Abstract
The Benton Harbor Workforce Skill Development Program is a collaborative effort between Benton Harbor Area Schools, the City of Benton Harbor, Cornerstone Alliance, and Andrews University. The program goal is to address local workforce issues and needs identified by area employers and to place program graduates in jobs with a livable wage. The program has two major instructional components. The first is in job-specific applied skills and is accomplished through a self-paced, multi-media, interactive computer program. The second component is the Adkins Life Skills Program, designed to develop the work maturity and life-coping skills needed to maintain employment.
MARY MCLEOD BETHUNE BLACK STUDIES PROGRAM:
A SIMULATION
Douglas Dorsey, Sherry Gelbwasser, Lucien Louis-Jean, Sonia Mihok
Johnson & Wales University
PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, U.S.A.
Abstract
This is a simulation of the development of an undergraduate Black Studies Program. The team consisted of four students in the Doctoral Program in Educational Leadership at Johnson and Wales University in Rhode Island, U.S.A. The course was in higher education curriculum. Each member of the team contributed his/her learning and expertise in the areas of black culture, research, and technology. The final products were a written proposal and an oral/video presentation with recommended resources and instructions for transferring it to both CD-ROM and web site formats.
THE EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAM AT JOHNSON & WALES UNIVERSITY:
A CASE STUDY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DOCTORAL COHORT
Korynne Taylor-Dunlop
Jane Sjogren, Clifton J. Boyle, Ralph Jasparro, Nancy Hurley
Charles Mojkowski, Stephen Nelson, Adrienne O'Neill, Martin Sivula, Veera Sarawgi
Johnson & Wales University
PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
CAS RVF SYSTEMS INC.
Françoise Giraud, Vinent Lerville-Anger and Robert Zrihen
Ecole Superieure de Commerce de Paris
PARIS, FRANCE
Abstract not available at press time
APPRENDRE LE MANAGEMENT INDUSTRIEL PAR LE JEU: COMPTE-RENDU D'EXPERIENCES, OBJECTIFS PEDAGOGIGUES, PUBLICS, APPORTS ET LIMITES
Vincent Lerville Anger
ESC Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Abstract not available at press time
LES OUTILS DE L'INTERNET AU SERVICE DE LA PEDAGOGIE
Frederic Briones
ESC Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Abstract not available at press time
BUILDING (CLASS-CENTERED) INTERNET WEB SITES TO EFFECTIVELY SERVE
STUDENT INFORMATION NEEDS
Gerald Crawford, Robert Williams, Robert Sweeney and Tommie Singleton
University of North Alabama
FLORENCE, ALABAMA, U.S.A.
Abstract
At the present rate of growth, computers and the Internet will dominate the delivery of education materials at the college level in a few short years. These trends mandate that educational institutions fully utilize these powerful tools and teach students to use them as well. In a large research study done recently at the University of North Alabama, students were asked what information items should be made available on class-specific Internet Web sites. The findings will help the faculty better serve student interests by providing needed information to classes across the University community. Further, students were asked about their patterns of computer use, and experience in using the Internet. Many useful and constructive suggestions were made by respondents. The findings can assist faculty in meeting curriculum needs and help the administration fulfill computer support expectations.
THE CASE METHOD AND THE INTERNET :
TOOLS USED TO TRAIN STUDENT TEACHERS FOR DIVERSITY
Lana Andrews
University of San Francisco
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
Student teachers in cooperative groups adapted lessons for Special Education Limited English Proficient students depicted in teaching cases, which were then placed on-line. An inner-city district bilingual teacher commented on-line regarding the adapted lessons feasibility for her students. The student teachers then responded on-line to the comments, demonstrating extended skills and reflection.
Session 36
EFFECTIVE CASE TEACHING
James A. Erskine
University of Western Ontario
LONDON, ONTARIO, CANADA
Workshop
This workshop is focused on the fundamental pre-requisites necessary for effective teaching and learning with cases. New and experienced teacher alike, across all disciplines, will have an opportunity to participate in a sample case method class. The objectives of the teaching with cases workshop are to: 1. Review the distinguishing characteristics of a case and the reasons for using cases 2. Discuss the fundamental prerequisites including:
• The Physical Facilities • Selecting Appropriate Cases
• Getting to Know Students • The First Class or Two
3. Introduce the three-step process for effective learning with cases 4. Conduct a typical class using a short, general purpose case (Limited Seating - pre-registration required - first registered, first admitted).
Session 37
A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO PROBLEM STRUCTURING
I. Sato
Teikyo University
TOKYO, JAPAN
S. Hyakkkai
Kanagawa University
YOKOHAMA CITY, JAPAN
Abstract
There are several methods to understand problems, make alternate plans, make a decision and avoid the risk in case of implementing the plan. In this area, the K-T method, which was developed by C. Kepner and B. Tregoe, is well known all over the world. This is also a method to understand the problem structurally and make an alternative plan within the authority or beyond the authority in the organization by using the system chart. This method was originally developed by Professor Sato, who has devoted over the 30 years to the management education. We would like to present the concept of this method and show how to analyze the case of Dashman Company.
THE DEPAUL UNIVERSITY DIRECT MARKETING INSTITUTE'S
CASE WRITERS' WORKSHOP
A CASE OF NURTURING CASES
J. Steven Kelly
DePaul University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Kenneth L. Bernhardt
Georgia State University
ATLANTA, GEORGIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss a framework to help faculty conduct applied research to develop educational cases in the direct marketing discipline. Educators and practitioners in the direct marketing field recognized a need for realistic and current cases dealing with substantive direct marketing issues. Recognizing this need, executives of the educational foundations of two of the professional organizations, the Chicago Association of Direct Marketing Education Foundation (CADMEF) and the Direct Marketing Education Foundation (DMEF) approached DePaul's Institute to find a solution to the problem. Offered in Chicago for the past three years, the Direct Marketing Case Writers' Workshop has had some success in creating cases that are being employed in classrooms around the U.S. The Case Writers' Workshop faces a new challenge for the Institute Director and the case writers. The program will be offered in San Francisco next year and it remains to be seen if the framework can be "taken on the road."
PROJECT THRO: Teaching Human Rights On-line
Howard Tolley, Jr.
University of Cincinnati
CINCINNATI, OHIO, U.S.A.
Abstract
Project THRO employs the latest technology for Teaching Human Rights On-line with text exchange and video conferencing. THRO provides a unique website of interactive cases as an initiative of DIANA, the electronic research data base at the University of Cincinnati and the Morgan Institute for Human Rights. As a SOLO exercise, students work problems independently and receive immediate feedback designed to foster critical thinking. INTERCOM/VIDEOCOM components will enable instructors to use the cases for class discussion and simulation, as well as for internet text exchange and video conferencing between their own students and with classes at other institutions in the U.S. and abroad.
Session 38
CASE-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING AND ITS USE
IN THE LANGUAGE LABORATORY
Richard Bower and Peter Tucker
Groupe ESC Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Abstract
Language teaching at an advanced lever in the business school environment often requires a practical and active approach, favouring communication practice over the acquisition of grammar and vocabulary. Student performance with a language takes precedence over pure knowledge of that language. Case studies lend themselves to this more dynamic, student-centered language teaching. The student takes an important step towards an authentic use of the language, being more concerned with 'what' he will say as a member of a negotiating or decision-making group rather than 'how' he will say it as a language learner.
This presentation reflects the authors' expérience over 10 years in business school language teaching and focuses in particular on how enhanced classroom technology can make possible a much higher degree of interactivity in case-based language learning.
Session 39
FOURTH CROSS NATIONAL TRAINING FORUM
Keith Martin, Fairfield University
FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Jane Jackson, Chinese University of Hong Kong
HONG KONG
Barton Kunstler, Lesley College
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
Peter Olson, Rensselaer at Hartford
HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Ronald Patten, DePaul University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Marlene Rosenkoetter, U of North Carolina at Wilmington
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Abstract
With the expansion of international studies programs in colleges and universities, and the increasing demands for staff training within multinational organizations, distance learning is becoming an important component of the educational landscape. The panel members will discuss innovations, methodologies, opportunities, and their experiences regarding this relatively new, and rapidly expanding educational process.
Session 40
L'ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA FINANCE DANS UNE FORMATION
EN MILIEU ASSOCIATIF ET SOCIAL. ENJEUX, POSITIONNEMENT ET CHOIX
Isabelle PIGNATEL
Groupe ESC Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Abstract
L'enseignement de la finance en milieu associatif et social. Enjeux, positionnement et choix. Le Centre de Perfectionnement au Management, au sein du Groupe Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Marseille Provence propose à des cadres en activité ou demandeurs d'emploi du secteur sanitaire et social une formation appelée MASTERE DES STRUCURES D'ACTION SANITAIRES ET SOCIALES.
Son objectif est de permettre aux apprenants de postuler à un poste de direction. Etalée sur deux ans (à raison d'une semaine à temps plein par mois), cette formation diplômante est sanctionnée par une soutenance de thèse professionnelle. C'est à l'occasion de cette formation dans laquelle j'interviens à deux reprises, en dispensant deux cours que je m'interrogeais sur la difficulté d'enseigner un cours technique et aride à un public de culture associative et sociale.
STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD THE CASE STUDY METHOD
A COMPARISON U.S.A. - FRANCE
Henri Devinat
Mouloud Madoun
Groupe ESC Marseille-Provence
MARSEILLE, FRANCE
Abstract not available at press time
IF YOUR "CASE METHOD" DOES NOT MEET THESE FOUR
CRITERIA, CONSIDER UPGRADING TO THE "SCAN" METHOD
Leon Winer
Pace University
NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract
If you want your students to use a case method that they can learn quickly and apply productively in many situations and you want this case method to encourage creativity and to lead to worth-while recommendations, you should consider upgrading to the SCAN (Strategic Creative Analysis) method, presented below, with five diagrams.
Session 41
THE CREATIVE OF CASE STUDIES IN BUSINESS AND EDUCATION:
TORBERT'S FOUR TERRITORIES -THE POWER OF BALANCE
Robin Postel
Mannet
GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
Marilyn Smith-Stoner
California State University, San Bernardino
SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper will describe a creative, unique methodology to teach critical reflection based on using the methodology of using William Torbert's Four Territories: thoughts/intellect, intuitive/spiritual vision, actions and outcomes/consequences. This method has been used in undergraduate education, as well as, business settings in Switzerland and the United States. We will present a range of scenarios, possible applications and discuss the challenges if teaching in multicultural environments. Integration of adult learning concepts, intellectual standards, and evaluation methods will also be presented.
COMMUNITY "CLIENT" CASE STUDIES FOSTER COMPETENCE AND
CONFIDENCE IN NURSING STUDENTS
Kay S. Dennis and Marilyn b. Justensen
East Carolina University
GREENVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
NURSING EDUCATION - THE INTERNATIONAL COMPONENT
Bernadette Curry
Niagara University
CLARENCE , NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
A PHENOMENOLOGY OF TEACHING WITH LAPTOP COMPUTERS:
A CASE STUDY THROUGH THE EYES OF A TRAINER
Xue-Ming Bao
Seton Hall University
SOUTH ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A.
Abstract
Teaching with laptop computers (or laptops) is a new phenomenon in educational institutions. A review of the literature shows that laptops are being used as a learning tool from the perspective of how learners use laptops rather than how a trainer uses a laptop as a teaching presentation medium. This research project is the first phenomenological case study on teaching with a laptop from a trainer's perspective; this offers new implications on how to use this medium effectively. This study explores the essential elements of teaching with laptops and attempts to understand the teaching and learning process when using laptops.
AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON ROPE TRICKS, JUGGLING AND HACKY SACK
Patricia Boer, Linda Edington, Eugenia Scott
Ball State University, Vincennes University, Butler University
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
OPEN CASES AS COURSE INTEGRATORS
Jiri Erbes, Petr Prochazka, Pavel Tomsik, Pavel Zufan
Mendel University
BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC
Abstract not available at press time
EVOLVING A CASE STUDY MODEL FOR ONLINE DELIVERY
Pauline Hagel
Darrell Mahoney
Deakin University
MELBOURNE, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
Abstract
This paper describes and evaluates a project to develop multimedia cases on the World Wide Web (WWW). The project was initially aimed at exploring the Web as a means of enhancing the traditional strengths of case studies and contributing to improved learning outcomes. As a consequence of observations arising from the development and assessment of the first case, an alternative case design was developed which is aimed at concurrently meeting the demands of learners, responding to institutional forces and exploiting the potential of Web technologies.
THE INTERNET AND THE CASE STUDY METHOD:
AN ACCOUNTING EXAMPLE
Heidemarie Lundblad
Gary Stout
California State University, Northridge
NORTHRIDGE. CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper discusses how accounting education can be enhanced by combining use of the Internet with the case study method. As an illustration a specific case "DuPont and Seagram" is used. In 1995 DuPont and Seagram entered into a complex stock repurchase agreement centered on the skillful utilization of Sections 302 and 318 of the Internal Revenue Code. The transaction caused significant consternation in the financial press and in Congress since it enabled Seagram to avoid approximately $1.5 billion in federal income taxes. To answer the case questions students must examine the 10K forms for DuPont and Seagram and DuPont's financial statements. The case can be used as a traditional, print-based case; however, we show how the use of the Internet and computer based communication facilities helps to implement the objectives of the Accounting Education Change Commission. The case can be accessed on the Internet at:
http://www.csun.edu/~hfact004/dupont.html
MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE APPLICATION
FOR A COURSE IN PERSONAL FINANCE
Donald K. Hsu
Dominican College
ORGANGEBURG, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 44
THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT:
AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Clifford R. Skousen
Utah State University
LOGAN, UTAH, U.S.A.
Rocco R. Vanasco
National-Louis University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract
Corruption through bribes and other fraudulent misappropriation abound throughout the world. This paper examines the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and how its enactment addressed these corruption issues. The major provisions of the Act are explained and some of the criticisms presented. The impact of the Act, along with the influence of international organizations, is discussed with specific cases involving selected countries. Although there are many valid criticisms of the Act involving loss of international sales, there are positive aspects including improvement in internal control systems. Case studies of alleged violations of the Act provide insight into the cultural and ethical environment of international business.
THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT:
THE ANTI-BRIBERY PROVISIONS
Barbara A. Susman
Susman & Associates
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Clifford R. Skousen
Utah State University
LOGAN, UTAH, U.S.A.
Hans E. Klein
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Hartford
formerly Hartford Graduate Center
HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Rocco R. Vanasco
National-Louis University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper deals with the antibribery provisions of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977. The FCPA has international ramifications because it applies to most companies registered on national U.S. stock exchanges. The FCPA makes it illegal for any representative of a registered company to offer bribes to officials of foreign countries for the purpose of exerting influence and obtaining or retaining business. This paper examines various aspects of the FCPA including enforcement and penalties, criticisms of the antibribery provisions, and other legal ramifications. A major objective of this paper is to develop a better understanding of the major antibribery provisions of the FCPA and how they apply in international business.
THE USE OF CASE-BASED RESEARCH: A TYPOLOGY BASED EXAMPLE
William Naumes and Michael J. Merenda
University of New Hampshire
DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE, U.S.A.
Abstract
Case research has had a long and varied history in scholarly studies. This paper describes the methods by which case research has been used in different fields of research. It then goes on to describe the use of case research by the New Hampshire Industries Group (NHIG) at the Whittemore School of Business and Economics at the University of New Hampshire. This research has developed and tested a supplier typology that helps to explain the success of competitively advanced industries in New Hampshire. Since the New Hampshire economy can be seen to be a microcosm of the US economy, this typology helps to explain the competitive advantage of advanced industries.
Session 45
The paper develops the case presented at WACRA '96 Conference and published in Volume IX of the Selected Papers, "Interactive Teaching and Emerging Technologies"[Sibilski, 1996]. On the basis of the analysis performed in that paper the diagnosis of the strategic position of the company is presented and the proposals for the directions in which the company shall develop are formulated. Then the list of practical steps that should be taken in order to achieve the desired development is created and discussed. Both papers form together a complete cycle - from description through analysis and diagnosis to recommendations for the actions to take.
WORKING CONDITIONS IN CONTEMPORARY FRANCE
Anthony Sallustio
Pace University
Diane Paravazian
World Trade Center Institute and
Language Department of Modern Languages Pace University
NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Abstract
Working conditions have played n important role in shaping French social values. The first days of 1998 witnessed numerous labor demonstrations throughout the country when workers gave free rein to expressing their concerns. French society as a whole values its working force, and polls usually show that a substantial portion of the population supports workers' concerns. At Pace University, a subject such as working conditions is part of the curriculum of the new Language Culture and World Trade major. In preparing the workforce of the future, a workforce which will need to be globally competitive and versatile enough to experience three or four career changes, we introduce this subject in the continuum of the study of language and culture at the intermediate level and develop it fully at the mote advanced levels of proficiency. We are constantly seeking to use more authentic materials and to bring the subject matter to life, making it as immediate and as current as possible. We are assuming that our colleagues in France face similar challenges and that they would benefit from a meaningful collaboration. In view of this quest, we would like to propose a two-part presentation spanning over two WACRA conferences. Part One would be presented in Marseille, at a round table with Pace faculty and French faculty from the ESC Marseille. Firs, we would present what we currently offer at Pace and what is offered at Esc in a related context. Subsequently, we would elaborate our plan to develop our respective curricula through collaborative efforts, defining objectives and means of achieving them. This presentation would include Pace faculty, ESC faculty and possibly students of both institutions. Part Two will be presented at a later conference and will consist of the results of the implementation of the new curricula; it will most definitely include students. The two conferences would thus not only illustrate collaborative and international curriculum development but build our own case study in creative teaching. Currently we teach subjects such as culture of French workers, in addition to related vocabulary and idiomatic expressions, in our intermediate and advanced level courses. Through video tape, students examine the workers movement in France today, and the conditions under which nurses, teachers, auto and postal workers, for example, labor in daily basis. They watch individuals in the workplace, hear them express their concerns in interviews. Interactive exercises with video enable students to improve their listening, speaking and writing skills. At the more advanced level, students read French newspapers and news magazines, listen to Radio France International, watch the news (France2), discuss their points of view, write editorials and critiques that take a position in favor of or against the workers. Role plays written by students and spontaneous discussions with French participants are videotaped and presented as the 'capstone' of students' achievements. This curriculum could be considerably enhanced by input from professionals who level and work in France and who could present students with an 'insider's view'. We look forward to exploring creative ways to incorporate country experts into the curriculum, thus encouraging authentic transatlantic communication and research opportunities for our faculty and students.
Session 46
MANAGING CLASSROOM DISCUSSIONS
James A. Erskine
University of Western Ontario
LONDON, ONTARIO, CANADA
Workshop
This workshop is focused on helping students to learn faster and better using cases.. The objectives of the learning with cases workshop are to: 1. Review the distinguishing characteristics of a case and the reasons for using cases 2. Review the case difficulty cube and the benefits to students. 3. Review the three-step process for effective learning with cases. 4. Introduce tools for effective student learning including:
• The six steps of the Short Cycle Process
• Using the Case Preparation Chart
• The seven steps of the Long Cycle Process
5. Apply the learning tools using a short case. (Limited Seating - pre-registration required - first registered, first admitted).
* Dr. Erskine is Associate Professor of Business Administration at The University of Western Ontario, Canada. He is the author of several books on case-method writing and teaching and has extensive case teaching and leadership training experience spanning 30 years.
Session 47
SIMUWORLDS AS GLOBAL PRACTICE FIELDS FOR CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS
Bernard Keys
Georgia Southern University
STATESBORO, GEORGIA, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
THE SIMMULT GAME
Wilson Baptista Junior
Solucoes Empresariais Ltda.
BELO HORIZONTE, BRAZIL
Abstract
SIMMULT is a business game developed jointly by Wilson Baptista Junior and Marco Aurelio Spyer Prates, of Solucoes Empresariais Consultoria e Negocios, and which is just entering the market.
Solucoes Empresariais is a Brazilian consulting group with North-American and European affiliations, founded in 1985 and which for the last seven years has focused mainly on business game development and business-game based managerial training.
SIMMULT simulates firms that manufacture consumer products and sell them directly to the public through door-to-door selling, and was originally developed for a medium-sized Brazilian cosmetics company which sells about seventy million units a year this way, using a sales force of about 150.000 people).
We think this game is interesting because it allows the participant to manage the sales channel (attracting, training, maintaining and replacing the salespeople, who are not employees of the company) besides managing the more conventional aspects of manufacturing, marketing and distribution.
The salespeople (which in this business are called "beauty consultants") are managed through a force of company-employed sales promoters, who are responsible for attracting, training and maintaining their own teams of beauty consultants in order to attain company goals, much in the style of network marketing.
The MULT in the name is because each company works with two different product lines (for instance perfumes and skin-treatment creams) which compete essentially for the same customer income but have different kinds, and not just different degrees, of attractiveness for market segments. The participant can manufacture and sell up to two different products in each line, in three different regions of the country.
The market demand is defined for the participants in terms of available customer income, and not in product units. The market is set up as a population segmented in three geographical regions, three income-level classes, and male and female customers. If desired, different demographic evolution rates can be set for each region, and seasonal oscillations of customer demand can be set for the market as a whole.
Participants manage manufacturing (a different plant for each product line, including raw-materials and bottles supply, work force management, plant capacity and productivity, bottling line capacity and productivity), a centralized distribution and dispatching center, a telephony center through which beauty consultants transmit customer orders to the distribution center and check on order state, R&D, marketing (including publicity and sales channel management) and finance.
I intend to present a short description of the game, the pedagogical objectives we set for it, and an evaluation of the first actual field results.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LEARNING FOR LEADERS
Robert M. Fulmer, Leland Russell and John Baum
College of William and Mary
WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This has been described at the "decade of the learning organization. Budgets for organizational learning have grown to almost $50 billion with one-fourth of this being spent on executive-level programs. With the pressures to do more with less, the next decade is not likely to see continued dramatic increases in spending. This pressure is already resulted in dramatic increases in the use of technology to help leaders learn to learn more, better and faster. The next ten years is likely to be the decade of the efficient learning leader. Already we are seeing that organizations do not learn by themselves. Knowledge is disseminated throughout an organization by leaders who are committed to strategic learning. Already cost conscious executive are looking for ways of increasing impact while reducing the costs associated with learning initiatives. Learning budgets will probably not continue to increase at the same rates, but this does not herald a decline in its importance.
Studies at the Center for Creative Leadership (CCL) have confirmed that experience is still the best teacher. Action learning, simulations 360 feedback and coaching are learning techniques that are experiential and job-related. Moreover, they lend themselves to leverage through creative uses of information technology.
This paper presents an overview of "best practices" of organizational learning initiatives that are pioneering with sophisticated applications of IT to increase the impact and efficiency of corporate efforts. The examples are organized into three domains: 1) targeted development; 2)-team and peer collaboration; and, 3) just-in time knowledge.
Session 49
USING A HYBRID FLEXIBLE FUNCTION FORM FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
TO COMPARE COMPETITORS AND SUBGROUPS IN THE U.S. HOSPITAL INDUSTRY
Judith L. Mack
Western Connecticut State University
DANBURY, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
REINVENTING LABORATORY EXPERIENCES
THROUGH MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY
USING THE CASE METHOD
Steven J. Albrechtsen
University of Wisconsin
WHITEWATER, WISCONSIN, U.S.A.
Abstract
This presentation will advocate delivering the case method through multimedia technology to provide an alternative format to traditional laboratory experiences, facilitate distance education, and move laboratory experiences into the virtual universities of Cyberspace. Multimedia technology can simulate the conditions for data collection, demonstrate data collection in accelerated or real time, facilitate calculations of results, and guide students in understanding results, developing conclusions, and more completely integrating information from other educational experiences. The presentation will demonstrate specific applications, propose targeting specific courses, and recommend beta-testing strategies for delivering the case method through multimedia technology as an alternative format to traditional laboratory experiences.
Session 50
INTERACTIVE CASES AND SIMULATIONS:
USING AGV TECHNOLOGY TO LINK
MULTIPLE UNIVERSITY CLASSES
Dennis Schlais
Richard Davis
California State University, Chico
CHICO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Kristi Schlais
Association Global View
CHICO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
Association Global View (AGV) provides instructors the opportunity to link their classes with classes at other universities. The multi-sited linkages allow for cross-cultural and international shared experiences. The AGV program creates a global learning environment. Instructors determine what portion of their course curriculum will be shared and what portion will be unique to their educational site or the specific class. The common shared experiences require the instructor to have the class start and end specific linked assignments according to a prearranged schedule. AGV is the administrative and operational partner establishing and maintaining the linkages, communication, providing curriculum materials and soliciting new materials from participating instructors. AGV, is a not-for-profit, instructor-guided organization. The participating faculty welcome others to link their classes and to join in the development of the programs.
Session 51
THE INTERNATIONAL MANAGER: A CASE FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
W H J de Beer and M Fowler
Technikon Pretoria
PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA
Franz Egle
Academy for International Management
MANNHEIM, GERMANY
The development of electronic media has caused communication over the world to improve. Suddenly even developing countries fall under the verandah of the global "village". Rich countries already active globally have extensive experience on international business matters and know how to manage the fierce competitiveness that exists in the global village. The rich countries have realised long ago that the traditional general manager does not have enough "armoury" to survive in the global village. This realization resulted in the emergence of the inter-national manager. Besides the normal managerial capabilities, the international manager must also have an appreciation for business customs, cultures and languages of other international "players" in the global "village".
Developing countries need persons equipped with the skills attributed to the international manager to help solve problems such as poor productivity, insufficient motivation,, low gross domestic products (GDP), high unemployment and low human development indices.
All developing countries also have high population growths, which makes growth in the economy of prime importance for survival.
There is a lot of pressure on the international manager to perform. Training of the international manager must therefore receive special attention. It is expected of him/her to be a creator of wealth; it is already accepted that he/she would have to be a specialist in at least two disciplines (science/technology and financial management preferably); and also needs to have a good general knowledge of the cultures and customs of other nations and human resource management of multinational teams.
HEALTH BENEFIT CHOICE IN TWENTY ORGANIZATIONS:
A CASE BASED ANALYSIS
Barbara Woods McElroy
Berry College
MOUNT BERRY STATION, GEORGIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This paper reports the results of a study of the health benefits decisions of twenty employers. A naturalistic field study was used to determine the multiple reasons for recent insurance trends. I explored two research questions: do employers from different sectors of the economy (of different sizes) choose different types of insurance? I find that both employer size and employer type affect the health insurance choice, but size appears to have the larger effect, especially for small employers.
Session 52
A MULTIMEDIA CASE STUDY: SHAPING CULTURE THROUGH LEISURE EXPERIENCES
Karen L. Barak
University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
WHITEWATER, WISCONSIN, U.S.A.
Abstract
A purpose of this case study is to empower students with the recognition that they can play a part in social change, and the shaping of community culture. The focus of this multimedia case is on opportunities offered by Hull House, which was established in Chicago, Illinois, USA in 1889. Lives of many poor, urban families were improved through Hull House's leisure and educational offerings. The teacher's role and the process of developing this multimedia case will be discussed. This case is particularly applicable for students pursuing careers in leisure services, social work, public policy administration, or political science.
TOWARDS IMPROVING COMPUTER EDUCATION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD:
MODELS FOR TRAINING THE TRAINERS
Jide Olutimayin
University of the South Pacific
SUVA, FIJI
Abstract not available at press time
Session 53
A TECHNIQUE FOR
CROSS-CULTURAL CASE RESEARCH AND WRITING
Michael F. Welsh
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Abstract
Case writers who attempt to write cases about situations that have occurred in another country or culture may find that their cases are not seen as authentic in the other culture. This paper presents a five-step technique for researching and writing case studies that overcomes the problems of cross-cultural case writing. An example of a case developed using this technique is presented both in its beginning and ending stage of development.
MEGA-LEARNING CASES FOR CENTURY 21
Victor Selman
The American University
WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
Session 54
INTO, THROUGH, AND BEYOND THE STORY OF JULIO:
AN INTERACTIVE STRATEGIC APPROACH TO THE CASE
READING/INTERPRETATION EXPERIENCE
Christine Kolar
University of Toledo
TOLEDO, OHIO, U. S. A.
Abstract
This paper presents a multi-faceted instructional design for teaching the case of Julio, a Hispanic student with learning disabilities and at-risk for school failure. Acknowledging the limited experiences most of the writer's students in a mid-western university have with language minority issues, the presentation and analysis of the case is based on initially intense and gradually declining instructional interaction between teacher and student. Interactive teaching strategies include: activating and providing background knowledge; presenting a conceptual framework of effective instruction for culturally and linguistically diverse students; structuring the reading of the case; facilitating small and large discussion groups; analyzing interplay between the conceptual framework, case of Julio, collaborative practices and the movie Stand and Deliver, and, soliciting and receiving individualized responses to the case.
SETTING UP AN INITIAL-WORKSHOP:
HOW TO PRESENT THE REQUIRED THEORETICAL BACKGROUND BEFORE
THE ACTUAL CASE-ANALYSIS
Gerhard Zapke-Schauer
Ciifford zur Nieden, Sascha J. Schnapka, Nicole Schauer, Ed Scheer, Ullrich Wegner
Euratio Akademy
ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
Abstract
In order to successfully teach a specific theory in a practice-oriented manner, the case method is widely used and accepted. Common case studies (taken from known archives - HBS, ECCH,etc. ) implement the desired theory needed, but what happens if the students have very little, or no knowledge at all concerning that specific theory? How can students solve a case without knowing the basic theoretical concepts? An approach to work around this dilemma is an "initial startup-workshop" which is especially designed to present the required theoretical concepts. This paper describes the method for a successful roll out of such a workshop by using a specific 6-phase-model as a guidance for the setup. It also recommends when and how to use new (interactive) media (Video, CD-ROM, etc.) in a way that students first obtain the theoretical skills used for successfully completing the case. Furthermore this model will prepare students for a very efficient and theme-specific discussion after presenting their recommendations to maximize the knowledge gained when attending that course.
Session 55
COLLABORATION ACROSS DISCIPLINES IN CASE PREPARATION
Alva W. Butcher
University of Puget Sound
TACOMA, WASHINGTON, U.S.A.
Abstract
In recent years, business organizations and business education have undergone a period of intense examination. One result of this scrutiny has been a reduction of functional barriers in firms, and an increased emphasis on the importance of interdisciplinary concepts and practices in business education. This paper summarizes the collaboration among faculty in different business disciplines to develop cases. A new integrative curriculum, and the increased use of an interactive pedagogy that relied on case studies, made it imperative to develop a body of cases with an interdisciplinary framework. A case writing workshop provided the platform for this collaboration. The workshop and some of the results of that workshop are described. Finally, implications for other universities are discussed.
THE USE OF CASE STUDIES IN BUSINESS STATISTICS:
INTEGRATING MARKETING CONCEPTS AND STATISTICAL MODELS
Cataldo Zuccaro
University of Quebec at Montreal
MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
Abstract not available at press time
THE GLOBAL WARMING SUMMIT:
A SIMULATION IN INTERNATIONAL PROBLEM-SOLVING
Sheila D. Collins
William Paterson University
WAYNE, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A.
Abstract not available at press time
ASSESSMENT OF AN EXPERIENTIAL INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PLAN
AS A CAPSTONE MBA COURSE
Victor Cordell
Monterey Institute of International Studies
MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
This study discusses a group-driven international business plan as a six-credit hour capstone in an MBA program. It is fully integrated, customized to client needs, and offers benefits beyond those of other experiential learning exercises. An assessment was conducted which found graduates felt the capstone satisfied the objectives of the program.
